He mea whai hua te tomo ki te mākete o Bangladesh, engari ka taea e ngā ture kāore i te mōhiotia te mahanga i a koe. Mā te hapa paerewa noa ka taea te whakakore i tō tuku katoa, ka pau te wā me te moni.

Mō Bangladesh, arotahi ki ngā paerewa ASTM, inā koa ko te D1785 mō ngā rahi o ngā paipa me te D2466 mō ngā kōhao whakauru. Me whiwhi hoki koe i tētahi tiwhikete tirotiro i mua i te tuku (PSI) mai i tētahi tari kua whakaaetia kia maeneene ai te haere i ngā tikanga tuku iho.

I waea atu ahau ki tētahi hoa mahi e hiahia ana ki te whakawhānui atu ki ngā mākete hou i Āhia ki te Tonga. I tino hiahia ia ki Bangladesh nā te tipu haere o te umanga hanga. I pau te nuinga o te wā ki te kōrero mō tētahi mea e warewarehia ana e te tini tāngata: ehara i te mea ko te kimi kiritaki anake. Ko te angitu kei te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga motuhake o te whenua.ngā paerewa kounga me ngā whakaritenga tikangamai i te rā tuatahi. Ki te hē tēnei, e kore rawa āu hua e puta i te tauranga. Me whakamārama tātou i ngā mea me mōhio koe.

He aha ngā paerewa ASTM mō ngā paipa PVC?

Ka kite koe i te kupu "ASTM" i runga i te pepa whakatakotoranga hua, engari he ranunga reta me ngā tau noa iho. Mēnā ka whiriwhiria he hua e whai ana i te paerewa hē, ka kore e hono tika ō hononga ki ngā paipa o te rohe.

Ko ngā paerewa ASTM tino hira ko te D1785 mō ngā rārangi paipa (pēnei i te Sch 40/80) me te D2466/D2467 mō ngā hononga kōhao me ngā hononga miro. Mā ēnei ka tautuhia ngā ine tika mō tētahi hononga tino pai, ā, kāore e turuturu.

Ko te ASTM te tikanga mō te American Society for Testing and Materials. Ka whakamahia ēnei paerewa puta noa i te ao hei whakarite i te kounga me te hototahi. Mō te kaihoko kawemai e aro ana ki Bangladesh, ehara i te mea whiriwhiri; ko te reo o te mākete. Ina tono koe i tētahi taputapu e tutuki ana i ngāASTM D2466, e mōhio ana koe he tino tika te whakahaere i tōna whānui me te hohonu o te pūwero. Mā tēnei ka tino uru pai ki runga i tētahi paipa PVC i hangaia ki teASTM D1785paerewa. Ka whakakorea te whakapae me te mōrearea o te kore taurite. Ko te mārama ki ēnei waehere te taahiraa tuatahi ki te whakarato hua pono.

Ngā Paerewa Matua o te ASTM mō te PVC

He aha ngā paearu mō te kounga o ngā paipa PVC?

Ahakoa te āhua ōrite o ngā takirere PVC mā e rua, he kaha tētahi, he pakarukaru tētahi. Me mōhio koe ki te tautuhi i te kounga i mua i te hoko, kaua i muri i te pakaru o te pūnaha a te kiritaki.

Ko ngā tawhā kounga matua ko te parakore o ngā rauemi (100% PVC parakore), te tika o ngā āhuatanga, te whakatauranga pēhanga, me te ātete pānga. Ka manatokohia ēnei mā ngā whakamātautau pēnei i te pēhanga pahū me ngā whakamātautau papatahi, kia mau ai te pono mō te wā roa.

Ka tīmata te whakaurunga kounga ki te rauemi kounga. Ka whakamahia noa e mātou100% kapia PVC wahineKa whakaurua e ētahi kaihangakonupūmā kāponātehe rauemi hangarua rānei hei whakaiti i ngā utu. Mā tēnei ka ngoikore ake te hua whakamutunga, ka pakarukaru ake, ka ngawari ki te pakaru i raro i te pēhanga, i te pānga rānei. Haunga te rauemi, ko te kounga te mea nui. Mā tā mātou whakaputanga aunoa ka tutuki i ia whakaurunga ngā paerewa rahinga tika. Kātahi ka whakahaerehia e mātou he whakamātautau puranga pakari. Hewhakamātautau pēhanga pahūE whakaatu mai ana i te pēhanga mōrahi ka taea e ia te tu atu i mua i te hinganga. E whakaatu ana te whakamātautau papatahi ka taea e ia te huri i raro i te ahotea me te kore e pakaru. Ko ēnei whakamātautau hei whakapumau i a koe ehara te hua i te āhua kirihou ma noa iho; he wāhanga hangarau kua rite mō te mahi uaua.

He aha ngā ture tikanga mō te kawemai i ngā taonga ki Bangladesh?

Ka tae mai tō uta ki te tauranga o Chittagong, engari kua mau tonu nā te mea kua ngaro i a koe tētahi tuhinga matua. Inaianei kei te utu koe i ngā utu rokiroki o ia rā, ā, kei te manukanuka te kaihoko.

Hei kawemai ki Bangladesh, me whiwhi koe i tētahi tiwhikete Tirotiro i mua i te Tukunga (PSI) mai i tētahi tari kua whakaaetia e te NBR. He mea whakahau tēnei tiwhikete mō te whakawātea i ngā taonga, ā, e manatoko ana i te kounga, te rahinga, me te uara o ngā taonga.

Koinei te ture tino nui mō tētahi kaihoko kawemai ki Bangladesh. E hiahiatia ana e te Poari Moni ā-Motu (NBR) kia tirotirohia te nuinga o ngā taonga kawemai.i mua ika wehe atu rātou i te whenua taketake. Ka kiia tēnei heTirotiro i mua i te Tukunga, PSI rānei. Hei kaihanga, ka mahi tahi mātou me tētahi kamupene tirotiro kua whakaaetia e te NBR pērā i a SGS, Bureau Veritas, Intertek rānei. Ka haere mai rātou ki tā mātou wheketere, ka tirotirohia ngā taonga hei whakaū kei te ōrite ki tāu ota, kātahi ka tukuna he tiwhikete hiri. Mā tēnei tuhinga ka whakaatu ki ngā tikanga o Bangladesh kei te rite ngā taonga ki tā te whakaahuatanga me te tutuki i ngā paerewa e hiahiatia ana. Ki te kore tēnei tiwhikete, ka raru pea tō uta i ngā whakaroa nui, ka tirotirohia anō, ka whiua pea he utu whiu. Ka whakahaerehia e mātou tēnei tukanga mā ō mātou hoa mahi kia pai ai te haere o ā rātou uta.

He aha te waehere HS mō ngā hononga paipa PVC?

Kei te whakakī koe i tō nama hokohoko me tō pire utanga. Mā te whakamahi i te waehere HS hē ka arahi pea ki ngā taake kawemai hē, ngā whiu, tae atu ki ngā whakapae mō te whakapuakitanga hē mai i te tari tāke.

Ko te Waehere HS matua mō ngā hononga paipa PVC ko 3917.40.00. E kapi ana tēnei waehere i ngā "Whakaurunga mō ngā ngongo, ngā paipa me ngā ngongo, he mea hanga ki te kirihou." Mā te whakamahi i tēnei waehere tika ka tika te whakarōpūtanga o tō uta.

TeWaehere Pūnaha Whakaōrite (HS)he reo ā-ao mō te whakarōpūtanga o ngā hua mō ngā tikanga tuku iho. He mea nui kia tika. Me wehewehe tātou3917.40.00:

• Upoko 39:Ngā kirihou me ngā taonga o taua mea.
• Upoko 3917:Ngā ngongo, ngā paipa me ngā ngongo wai, me ngā hononga mō ērā atu mea, he mea hanga ki te kirihou.
• Upoko iti 3917.40:Ngā taputapu.

Mā tēnei taumata o te tika ka mōhio te mana whakahaere tikanga i Bangladesh ki ngā mea katoa kei roto i tō ipu. Mā tēnei waehere ka whakatau te tere o tetakoha kawemaika utua e koe. Mā te waehere hē ka roa te whakaroa i te wā e whakarōpūhia ana ō taonga e ngā āpiha. Me whakarite kia mārama te whakahua i tēnei waehere tika i runga i ō tuhinga tuku katoa hei ārai i ngā raruraru i te tauranga. He kōrero iti noa iho tēnei hei whakaora i a koe i ngā āwangawanga nui.

Whakamutunga

Ko te angitu i Bangladesh me mātau ki ngā paerewa ASTM, me whakarite i te kounga, me whiwhi tiwhikete PSI, me te whakamahi i te waehere HS tika. Whakamahia ēnei kia tika ai hei hanga i tētahi pakihi kawemai kaha, whai hua hoki.