2.5 Takirere mono
Ko te takirere mono he takirere e whakamahi ana i te tinana mono me te kōhao puta hei wāhanga whakatuwhera me te kati, ā, ka huri te tinana mono me te kakau takirere kia tuwhera me te kati. He hanganga māmā te takirere mono, he tere te whakatuwhera me te kati, he ngāwari te whakahaere, he iti te ātete wai, he iti ngā wāhanga, ā, he māmā. Kei te wātea ngā takirere mono i roto i ngā momo tika-puta, toru-ara me te whā-ara. Ka whakamahia te takirere mono tika-puta hei tapahi i te reo, ā, ka whakamahia ngā takirere mono toru-ara me te whā-ara hei whakarerekē i te ahunga o te reo, hei huri rānei i te reo.
He pereti pūrerehua te takirere pūrerehua e hurihuri ana i te 90° huri noa i tētahi tuaka pumau i roto i te tinana takirere hei whakaoti i te mahi whakatuwhera me te kati. He iti te rahi o ngā takirere pūrerehua, he māmā te taumaha, he māmā hoki te hanganga, he torutoru noa ngā wāhanga.
Ā, ka taea te whakatuwhera me te kati tere mā te huri noa i te 90°, he mea ngāwari ki te whakahaere. Ina tū te takirere pūrerehua i te tūranga tuwhera katoa, ko te matotoru o te pereti pūrerehua anake te ātete ina rere te reo i roto i te tinana takirere. Nō reira, he iti rawa te hekenga pēhanga e puta mai ana i te takirere, nō reira he pai ngā āhuatanga whakahaere rere. E rua ngā momo hiri e wehea ana ngā takirere pūrerehua: te hiri ngohengohe rapa me te hiri mārō whakarewa. Ko te takirere hiri rapa, ka taea te whakauru i te mowhiti hiri ki roto i te tinana takirere, te tāpiri rānei ki te taha o te pereti pūrerehua. He pai te mahi hiri, ā, ka taea te whakamahi mō te whakawhāiti, ngā paipa korehau reo me ngā pāpāho waikura. Ko ngā takirere he hiri whakarewa he roa ake te ora ratonga i ngā takirere he hiri rapa, engari he uaua ki te whakatutuki i te hiri katoa. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia i roto i ngā āhuatanga ka nui te rerekētanga o te rere me te hekenga pēhanga, ā, me pai te mahi whakawhāiti. Ka taea e ngā hiri whakarewa te urutau ki ngā pāmahana mahi teitei ake, ko ngā hiri rapa he ngoikoretanga nā te pāmahana.
Ko te takirere tirotiro he takirere ka taea te aukati aunoa i te rere whakamuri o te wai. Ka tuwhera te kōpae o te takirere tirotiro i raro i te mahi a te pēhanga wai, ā, ka rere te wai mai i te taha tomo ki te taha putanga. Ina iti iho te pēhanga i te taha tomo i te taha putanga, ka kati aunoa te kōpae takirere i raro i te mahi a te rerekētanga pēhanga wai, tōna ake taumaha me ētahi atu āhuatanga hei aukati i te rere o te wai. E ai ki te āhua hanganga, ka taea te wehewehe ki te takirere tirotiro hiki me te takirere tirotiro piu. He pai ake te hiri o te momo hiki me te ātete wai nui atu i te momo piu. Mō te tomokanga momi o te paipa momi papu, me whakamahi he takirere raro. Ko tana mahi he whakakī i te paipa tomo papu ki te wai i mua i te tīmatanga o te papu; i muri i te whakamutu i te papu, me pupuri te paipa tomo me te tinana papu kia ki tonu i te wai hei whakarite mō te tīmatanga anō. Ko te takirere raro ka tāutahia noa ki runga i te paipa poutū i te tomokanga papu, ā, ka rere te reo mai i raro ki runga.
Ko te wāhanga whakatuwhera me te katinga o te takirere diaphragm he diaphragm rapa, e piri ana ki waenganui i te tinana takirere me te taupoki takirere.
Ko te wāhanga waenga e pū ake ana o te diaphragm e mau ana ki te kakau takirere, ā, kua whakakikoruatia te tinana takirere ki te rapa. Nā te mea kāore te reo e uru ki te kōhao o roto o te taupoki takirere, kāore e hiahiatia he pouaka whakakī mō te kakau takirere. He hanganga māmā te takirere diaphragm, he pai te mahi hiri, he ngāwari te tiaki, ā, he iti te ātete wai. Ka wehea ngā takirere diaphragm ki te momo pū wai, te momo tika, te momo koki-matau me te momo rere-tika.
3. Ngā tohutohu whiriwhiri takirere e whakamahia whānuitia ana
3.1 Ngā tohutohu mō te whiriwhiri i te takirere kuaha
I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, me pai ake ngā takirere kēti. Haunga te pai mō te mamaoa, te hinu me ētahi atu mea, he pai hoki ngā takirere kēti mō ngā mea kei roto ngā totoka kirikiri me te matotoru teitei, ā, he pai hoki mō ngā takirere i roto i ngā pūnaha whakaputa hau me ngā pūnaha korehau iti. Mō ngā mea kei roto ngā matūriki totoka, me whai kōhao horoi kotahi, e rua rānei te tinana takirere kēti. Mō ngā mea pāmahana iti, me whiriwhiri ngā takirere kēti motuhake pāmahana iti.
3.2 Ngā tohutohu mō te whiriwhiri i ngā takirere aukati
He pai te takirere aukati mō ngā paipa he ngoikore te ātete wai, arā, kāore e nui te ngaronga o te pēhanga, me ngā paipa, ngā taputapu rānei he pāmahana teitei, he pēhanga teitei. He pai mō te mamaoa me ētahi atu paipa reo he DN <200mm; ka taea e ngā takirere iti te whakamahi i ngā takirere tapahi. Ko ngā takirere, pērā i ngā takirere ngira, ngā takirere taputapu, ngā takirere tauira, ngā takirere ine pēhanga, me ētahi atu; he whakarerekētanga rere, he whakarerekētanga pēhanga rānei ngā takirere aukati, engari kāore e hiahiatia te tika o te whakarerekētanga, ā, he iti noa te whānui o te paipa, nō reira me whakamahi he takirere aukati, he takirere whakawhāiti rānei. Takirere; Mō ngā pāpāho tino paitini, me whakamahi he takirere aukati kua hiritia ki te pupuhi; heoi, kaua te takirere aukati e whakamahia mō ngā pāpāho he matotoru teitei me ngā pāpāho kei roto ngā matūriki e ngawari ana ki te whakatō, kaua hoki e whakamahia hei takirere hau me te takirere i roto i te pūnaha korehau iti.
3.3 Ngā tohutohu mō te whiriwhiri i te takirere pōro
He pai ngā takirere pōro mō ngā pāpāho pāmahana-iti, pēhanga-tiketike, me te matotoru-teitei. Ka taea te whakamahi i te nuinga o ngā takirere pōro i roto i ngā pāpāho me ngā matūriki totoka iri, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i roto i ngā pāpāho paura me ngā matūriki kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga rauemi hiri; kāore ngā takirere pōro hongere-katoa e pai mō te whakahaere rere, engari he pai mō ngā wā e hiahia ana kia tere te whakatuwhera me te kati, he ngāwari ki te whakatinana. Te aukati ohorere i roto i ngā aituā; e taunakihia ana i roto i ngā paipa me te mahi hiri tino kaha, te kakahu, ngā hongere whakaheke, ngā nekehanga whakatuwhera me te kati tere, te tapahi pēhanga-tiketike (te rerekētanga pēhanga nui), te haruru iti, te āhuatanga hau, te taipana mahi iti, me te ātete wai iti. Whakamahia ngā takirere pōro; he pai ngā takirere pōro mō ngā hanganga māmā, ngā tapahi pēhanga-tiketike, me ngā pāpāho waikura; ko ngā takirere pōro hoki ngā takirere tino pai mō ngā pāpāho pāmahana-tiketike me te waikura. Mō ngā pūnaha paipa me ngā taputapu me ngā pāpāho pāmahana-tiketike, me whakamahi ngā takirere pōro pāmahana-tiketike me ngā taupoki takirere; whiriwhiria I te whakamahi i te takirere pōro mānu, me pikau e tōna rauemi nohoanga te kawenga o te pōro me te reo mahi. Me nui ake te kaha e hiahiatia ana e ngā takirere pōro whānui-rahi i te wā e whakahaerehia ana. Me whakamahi ngā takirere pōro me te DN ≥ 200mm i te tuku taputapu kutukutu; he pai ngā takirere pōro pumau mō ngā diameter nui ake me ngā āhuatanga pēhanga teitei; hei tāpiritanga, me whai hanganga ātete ahi me te ātete-pūmau ngā takirere pōro e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā paipa tukatuka mō ngā rauemi tino paitini me ngā pāpāho mura.
3.4 Ngā tohutohu mō te whiriwhiri i te takirere whakatere
He pai te takirere whakatere mō ngā wā e iti ana te pāmahana waenga, e teitei ana hoki te pēhanga. He pai mō ngā wāhanga e hiahia ana kia whakarerekētia te tere rere me te pēhanga. Kāore e pai mō ngā pāpāho he matotoru me ngā matūriki totoka, ā, kāore hoki e pai mō te whakamahi hei takirere wehe.
3.5 Ngā tohutohu mō te whiriwhiri i te takirere mono
He pai te takirere mono mō ngā wā e hiahia ana kia tere te whakatuwheratanga me te kati. Kāore i te nuinga o te wā e pai ana mō te mamaoa me te reo he teitei ake te pāmahana. Ka whakamahia mō te reo he iti ake te pāmahana me te matotoru teitei, ā, he pai hoki mō te reo he iti ngā matūriki e iri ana.
3.6 Ngā tohutohu mō te whiriwhiri i te takirere pūrerehua
He pai ngā takirere pūrerehua mō ngā āhuatanga he nui ngā diameter (pēnei i te DN﹥600mm) me ngā roa hanganga poto, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana te whakatikatika rere me te whakatuwheratanga me te kati tere. E whakamahia whānuitia ana ēnei mō te wai, te hinu me ngā hua pēhi me ngā pāmahana ≤80°C me ngā pēhanga ≤1.0MPa. Hau me ētahi atu mea; nā te mea he nui te ngaronga pēhanga o ngā takirere pūrerehua ki te whakataurite ki ngā takirere kuaha me ngā takirere pōro, he pai ngā takirere pūrerehua mō ngā pūnaha paipa me ngā whakaritenga ngaronga pēhanga kore.
3.7 Ngā tohutohu mō te whiriwhiri i te takirere tirotiro
Ko ngā takirere tirotiro he mea pai mō ngā mea pokekore, ā, kāore e pai mō ngā mea kei roto ngā matūriki totoka me te matotoru nui. Mēnā he DN ≤ 40mm te rahi, me whakamahi he takirere tirotiro hiki (ka taea anake te tāuta ki ngā paipa whakapae); mēnā he DN = 50 ~ 400mm te rahi, me whakamahi he takirere tirotiro hiki hurihuri (ka taea te tāuta ki ngā paipa whakapae me ngā paipa poutū. Mēnā he tāuta ki te paipa poutū, me ahu te ahunga rere o te reo mai i raro ki runga); mēnā he DN ≥ 450mm te rahi, me whakamahi he takirere tirotiro ārai; mēnā he DN = 100 ~ 400mm te rahi, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te takirere tirotiro wafer; he takirere tirotiro hurihuri. Ka taea te hanga i te takirere whakahoki kia tino teitei te pēhanga mahi, ka taea e te PN te eke ki te 42MPa, ā, ka taea te whakamahi ki tētahi reo mahi me tētahi awhe pāmahana mahi i runga i ngā rauemi o te anga me ngā hiri. Ko te reo he wai, he mamaoa, he hau, he reo waikura, he hinu, he rongoā, me ētahi atu. Ko te awhe pāmahana mahi o te reo kei waenga i te -196~800℃.
3.8 Ngā tohutohu mō te whiriwhiri i te takirere diaphragm
He pai te takirere diaphragm mō te hinu, te wai, ngā pāpāho waikawa me ngā pāpāho kei roto ngā totoka iri me te pāmahana whakahaere iti iho i te 200°C me te pēhanga iti iho i te 1.0MPa. Kāore e pai mō ngā whakarewa waro me ngā pāpāho waikura kaha. Me whiriwhiri ngā takirere diaphragm momo pātara mō ngā pāpāho kirikiri. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi takirere diaphragm momo pātara, tirohia te ripanga āhuatanga rere; me whakamahi ngā takirere diaphragm tika tonu mō ngā wai matotoru, ngā paru sima me ngā pāpāho whakatārewatanga; haunga ngā whakaritenga motuhake, kaua ngā takirere diaphragm e whakamahia i roto i ngā paipa korehau me ngā taputapu korehau.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-08-2023
