1. Whakataki ki ngā takirere kuaha

1.1. Te kaupapa mahi me te mahi a ngā takirere kuaha:

Kei roto ngā takirere keti i te kāwai o ngā takirere tapahi, e tāutahia ana ki ngā paipa he whānui neke atu i te 100mm, hei tapahi, hei hono rānei i te rere o ngā pāpāho i roto i te paipa. Nā te mea he momo kuaha te kōpae takirere, e kiia ana ko te takirere kuaha. He painga ngā takirere kuaha o te whakawhiti mahi iti me te ātete iti ki te rere. Heoi, he ngāwari te mata hiri ki te pakaru me te turuturu, he nui te whiu whakatuwheratanga, ā, he uaua te tiaki. Kāore e taea te whakamahi i ngā takirere kuaha hei takirere whakahaere, ā, me noho ki te tūranga tuwhera katoa, kati katoa rānei. Ko te mātāpono mahi: ina kati te takirere kuaha, ka neke te kakau takirere ki raro, ka whakawhirinaki ki te mata hiri takirere kuaha me te mata hiri nohoanga takirere kia tino maeneene, kia papatahi, kia ōrite, kia uru tetahi ki tetahi hei ārai i te rere o ngā pāpāho, ā, ka whakawhirinaki ki te poro o runga hei whakanui ake i te pānga hiri. Ka neke poutū tana wahi kati i te rārangi pokapū. He maha ngā momo takirere kuaha, ka taea te wehewehe ki te momo poro me te momo whakarara i runga i te momo. Ka wehea ia momo ki te kuaha kotahi me te kuaha takirua.

1.2 Hanganga:

Ko te tinana o te takirere kuaha he āhua hiri-ā-unoa. Ko te tikanga hononga i waenga i te taupoki takirere me te tinana takirere ko te whakamahi i te pēhanga ki runga o te reo i roto i te takirere hei pēhi i te takai hiri kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te hiri. Ko te takai hiri o te takirere kuaha he mea hiri ki te takai asbestos pēhanga-teitei me te waea parahi.

Ko te hanganga o te takirere kuaha he mea hanga nui mai itinana takirere, taupoki takirere, anga, kakau takirere, kōpae takirere maui me te matau, taputapu hiri tākai, me ētahi atu

E ai ki te pēhanga me te pāmahana o te paipa, ka wehea te tinana o te takirere ki te maitai waro me te maitai koranu. I te nuinga o te wā, he mea hanga te tinana takirere ki te rauemi koranu mō ngā takirere kua tāutahia ki ngā pūnaha mamaoa wera rawa, t>450℃ neke atu rānei, pērā i ngā takirere putanga hau kōhua. Mō ngā takirere kua tāutahia ki ngā pūnaha tuku wai, ki ngā paipa rānei me te pāmahana reo t≤450℃, ka taea te whakamahi i te maitai waro hei rauemi tinana takirere.

Ko ngā takirere kēti ka tāutahia i roto i ngā paipa wai-kohu me te DN≥100 mm. Ko ngā diameter ingoa o ngā takirere kēti i roto i te pōro WGZ1045/17.5-1 i Zhangshan Wāhanga I ko DN300, DNl25 me te DNl00.

2. Te tukanga tiaki takirere kuaha

2.1 Te wetewete i te takirere:

2.1.1 Tangohia ngā pūtu whakapiri o te anga o runga o te taupoki takirere, wetekina ngā nati o ngā pūtu e whā i runga i te taupoki takirere hiki, hurihia te nati kakau takirere ki te taha maui hei wehe i te anga takirere mai i te tinana takirere, kātahi ka whakamahia te taputapu hiki hei hiki i te anga ki raro ka whakanoho ki te tūranga tika. Me wetewete, me tirotiro hoki te tūranga nati kakau takirere.

2.1.2 Tangohia te mowhiti pupuri i te tinana takirere e hiri ana i te mowhiti wha-ara, pēhia te taupoki takirere ki raro ki te taputapu motuhake hei hanga i te āputa i waenganui i te taupoki takirere me te mowhiti wha-ara. Kātahi ka tangohia te mowhiti wha-ara kia wehea. Hei whakamutunga, whakamahia te taputapu hiki hei hiki i te taupoki takirere me te kakau takirere me te kōpae takirere i waho o te tinana takirere. Whakatakotoria ki te wāhi tiaki, ā, kia tupato kia kore ai e pakaru te mata o te hononga kōpae takirere.

2.1.3 Horoia te roto o te tinana takirere, tirohia te āhua o te mata o te hononga nohoanga takirere, ka whakatau i te tikanga tiaki. Taupokina te takirere kua wetewetehia ki tētahi taupoki motuhake, ki tētahi taupoki rānei, ka whakapiri i te hiri.

2.1.4 Wetekina ngā pūtu hononga o te pouaka whakakī i runga i te taupoki takirere. Kua wetekina te repe tākai, ā, kua whakawirihia te kakau takirere ki raro.

2.1.5 Tangohia ngā here o runga me raro o te anga kōpae takirere, wetewetehia, tangohia ngā kōpae takirere maui me matau, ā, puritia te tihi whānui me ngā hiri o roto. Inehia te matotoru katoa o te hiri, ka tuhia.

2.2 Te whakatikatika i ngā wāhanga takirere:

2.2.1 Me huri te mata hononga o te nohoanga takirere kuaha ki tētahi taputapu huri motuhake (pū huri, me ētahi atu). Ka taea te huri ki te onepū huri, ki te kakahu emery rānei. Ko te tikanga hoki mai i te matotoru ki te matotoru, ā, i te mutunga ka orohia.

2.2.2 Ka taea te huri i te mata hononga o te kōpae takirere mā te ringaringa, mā te mīhini huri rānei. Mena he poka hohonu, he awaawa rānei kei runga i te mata, ka taea te tuku ki te mīhini huri, ki te mīhini huri rānei hei tukatuka moroiti, ā, ka orohia i muri i te whakataurite.

2.2.3 Horoia te taupoki takirere me te takai hiri, tangohia te waikura i ngā pakitara o roto, o waho hoki o te mowhiti pēhanga takai, kia taea ai te whakauru maeneene i te mowhiti pēhanga ki te wāhanga o runga o te taupoki takirere, he mea watea mō te pēhi i te takai hiri.

2.2.4 Horoia te takai i roto i te pouaka whakakī kakau takirere, tirohia mēnā kei te ora tonu te mowhiti nohoanga takai o roto, me tutuki te āputa i waenga i te kōhao o roto me te kakau i ngā whakaritenga, ā, kaua te mowhiti o waho me te pakitara o roto o te pouaka whakakī e piri.

2.2.5 Horoia te waikura o te repe tākai me te pereti pēhanga, ā, me ma, me ora tonu te mata. Me tutuki te āputa i waenganui i te kōhao o roto o te repe me te kakau i ngā whakaritenga, ā, kaua te pakitara o waho me te pouaka whakakī e piri, ki te kore me whakatika.

2.2.6 Wetekina te pūtu o te hononga, tirohia mēnā kei te mau tonu te wāhanga miro, ā, kei te oti te nati. Ka taea e koe te huri mārire ki te pūtake o te pūtu mā te ringaringa, ā, me huri ngāwari te pine.

2.2.7 Horoia te waikura i runga i te mata o te kakau takirere, tirohia mēnā he piko, ā, whakatikatikahia mēnā e tika ana. Me noho pūmau te wāhanga miro trapezoidal, kāore he miro whati, he pakaru rānei, ā, pania he paura mata i muri i te horoinga.

2.2.8 Horoia te mowhiti whā-i-te-kotahi, ā, me maeneene te mata. Kaua he kopikopiko, he kōpikopiko rānei i te papa.

2.2.9 Me horoi ia pūtu whakau, me tino ngāwari te nati, ā, me pania te wāhanga miro ki te paura mata.

2.2.10 Horoia te nati kakau me te peera o roto:

① Tangohia ngā tīwiri whakau o te nati raka o te kākano me te whare, ka wetekina te taha o te tīwiri raka ki te taha maui.

② Tangohia te nati kakau, te peera, me te puna kōpae, ka horoia ki te hinu. Tirohia mēnā kei te huri ngāwari te peera, mēnā hoki he pakaru te puna kōpae.

③ Horoia te nati kakau, tirohia mēnā kei te pai te miro o roto o te arawhata o te pū, ā, me pakari, me pono hoki ngā tīwiri whakapiri me te whare. Me tutuki te pakaru o te pū i ngā whakaritenga, ki te kore me whakakapi.

④ Pania te pata ki te peera ka whakauru ki roto i te nati kakau. Huihuia te puna kōpae kia rite ki te hiahia, ka tāuta anō i te raupapa. Hei whakamutunga, rakahia ki te nati raka ka whakau kia mau ki ngā tīwiri.

2.3 Te huihuinga o te takirere kuaha:

2.3.1 Tāutahia ngā kōpae takirere maui me matau kua hurihia ki te mowhiti rawhi o te kakau takirere, ā, whakamaua ki ngā rawhi o runga me raro. Me whakanoho te tihi whānui me ngā gasket whakatikatika ki roto, kia rite ki te āhuatanga tirotiro.

2.3.2 Whakauruhia te kakau takirere me te kōpae takirere ki roto i te nohoanga takirere hei tirotiro whakamātautau. Kia tino pā te kōpae takirere me te mata hiri nohoanga takirere, me teitei ake te mata hiri kōpae takirere i te mata hiri nohoanga takirere, kia tutuki ai hoki ngā whakaritenga kounga. Ki te kore, me whakarerekē te matotoru o te hiri i te tihi whānui kia tika rā anō, ā, me whakamahi te hiri aukati hei hiri kia kore ai e taka.

2.3.3 Horoia te tinana o te takirere, murua te nohoanga takirere me te kōpae takirere. Kātahi ka whakanohoia te kakau takirere me te kōpae takirere ki roto i te nohoanga takirere, ka tāuta i te taupoki takirere.

2.3.4 Tāutahia te takai hiri ki te wāhanga hiri-ā-unoa o te taupoki takirere e ai ki te hiahia. Me tutuki ngā whakaritenga takai me te maha o ngā mowhiti ki ngā paerewa kounga. Ka pēhia te wāhanga o runga o te takai ki te mowhiti pēhanga, ā, ka katihia ki te pereti taupoki.

2.3.5 Whakahuihuihia ngā mowhiti-whā kia wāhanga, ka whakamahia te mowhiti pupuri hei ārai i tōna takanga, ka whakaukia te nati o te pūtu hiki o te taupoki takirere.

2.3.6 Whakakīia te pouaka whakakī hiri o te kakau takirere ki te takai e hiahiatia ana, whakauruhia te repe rauemi me te pereti pēhanga, ka whakaukia ki ngā tīwiri hononga.

2.3.7 Whakahuihui anō i te anga taupoki takirere, hurihia te nati kakau takirere o runga kia taka te anga ki runga i te tinana takirere, ka whakau ki ngā pūtu hono kia kore ai e taka.

2.3.8 Whakahuihui anō i te pūrere taraiwa hiko takirere; me whakau te tīwiri o runga o te wāhanga hononga kia kore ai e taka, ā, me whakamātautau ā-ringa mēnā he ngāwari te pana takirere.

2.3.9 He mārama, he pai te āhua, ā, he tika te pereti ingoa o te takirere. He oti, he mārama hoki ngā tuhinga tiaki; ā, kua whakaaetia, kua whai mana hoki.

2.3.10 Kua oti te whakamahana o te paipa me te takirere, ā, kua ma te wāhi tiaki.

3. Ngā paerewa kounga tiaki takirere kuaha

3.1 Tinana takirere:

3.1.1 Me kore he hapa o te tinana takirere pērā i ngā kōhao onepu, ngā kapiti me te horo, ā, me whakahaere wawe tonu i muri i te kitenga.

3.1.2 Kaua he paru i roto i te tinana takirere me te paipa, ā, me noho kore he arai i te tomokanga me te putanga.

3.1.3 Me whakarite te mono i te raro o te tinana takirere kia pono te hiri, kia kore ai hoki e turuturu.

3.2 Te kākano takirere:

3.2.1 Kaua te piko o te kakau takirere e neke ake i te 1/1000 o te roa katoa, ki te kore me whakatika, me whakakapi rānei.

3.2.2 Me noho pūmau te miro trapezoidal o te kakau takirere, kāore he hapa pērā i ngā whitiki whati me ngā whitiki ngau, ā, kaua te kakahu e neke atu i te 1/3 o te matotoru o te miro trapezoidal.

3.2.3 Me maeneene te mata, ā, kia kore he waikura. Kaua he waikura pakarukaru, he pakaru rānei o te mata i te wāhanga e pā ana ki te hiri tākai. Me whakakapi te hohonutanga o te pūwāhi waikura ōrite o te ≥0.25 mm. Me whakapūmau kia neke ake i te ▽6 te whakaotinga.

3.2.4 Me mau tonu te miro hononga, ā, me mau hoki te pine kia pono.

3.2.5 Me ngāwari te whakakotahitanga o te rākau tapahi me te nati rākau tapahi, kia kore ai e mau i te wā e whiua katoatia ana, ā, me pania te miro ki te paura mata hei whakahinuhinu me te tiaki.

3.3 Hiri tākai:

3.3.1 Me tutuki te pēhanga me te pāmahana tākai e whakamahia ana i ngā whakaritenga o te rauemi takirere. Me haere tahi te hua me tētahi tiwhikete hanganga, me whakamātautau rānei me te tautuhi e tika ana.

3.3.2 Me tutuki ngā whakaritenga mō te tākai i ngā whakaritenga mō te rahi o te pouaka hiri. Kaua e whakamahia ngā tākai he nui rawa, he iti rawa rānei. Me tutuki te teitei o te tākai i ngā whakaritenga mō te rahi o te takirere, ā, me waiho he tawhā whakakī wera.

3.3.3 Me tapahi te atanga tākai kia āhua whakarara me te koki 45°. Me whakarara ngā atanga o ia porowhita mā te 90°-180°. Me tika te roa o te tākai i muri i te tapahi. Kaua he āputa, he taupatupatu rānei i te atanga ina whakatakotoria ki roto i te pouaka tākai.

3.3.4 Me noho pūmau te mowhiti nohoanga tākai me te repe tākai, ā, kia kore he waikura. Me ma, me maeneene hoki te pouaka whakakī. Ko te āputa i waenga i te tokotoko kuaha me te mowhiti nohoanga me 0.1-0.3 mm, ā, kaua e neke atu i te 0.5 mm te mōrahi. Ko te āputa i waenga i te repe tākai, te taha o waho o te mowhiti nohoanga me te pakitara o roto o te pouaka whakakī me 0.2-0.3 mm, ā, kaua e neke atu i te 0.5 mm te mōrahi.

3.3.5 Kia whakakīia ngā pūtu o te hononga, me noho papatahi te pereti pēhanga, ā, me ōrite te kaha whakakī. Me ōrite te kōhao o roto o te repe tākai me te ātea huri noa i te kakau takirere. Me pēhi te repe tākai ki roto i te rūma tākai ki te 1/3 o tōna teitei.

3.4 Mata hiri:

3.4.1 I muri i te tirotiro, me noho kore he ira me he awaawa i te mata hiri o te kōpae takirere me te nohoanga takirere, ā, me neke atu i te 2/3 o te whānui o te kōpae takirere te wāhanga e pā ana, ā, me eke te mata ki te ▽10, neke atu rānei.

3.4.2 I te wā e huihui ana i te kōpae takirere whakamātautau, me 5-7 mm te teitei ake o te matua takirere i te nohoanga takirere i muri i te whakaurunga o te kōpae takirere ki roto i te nohoanga takirere kia mau ai te katinga.

3.4.3 I te wā e huihui ana i ngā kōpae takirere maui me matau, me ngāwari te whakatikatika-ā-unoa, ā, me mau tonu, me pono hoki te taputapu ārai-taka. 3.5 Nati kakau:

3.5.1 Me mau tonu te miro o roto o te pūwero, kaua he poroporo whati, he poroporo tūpono rānei, ā, me pono te whakapiri ki te anga, kaua hoki e wetekina.

3.5.2 Me noho pūmau ngā wāhanga katoa o te peera, ā, me huri ngāwari. Kaua he kapiti, he waikura, he kiri matotoru me ētahi atu hapa i runga i te mata o ngā ringaringa o roto, o waho hoki, me ngā pōro maitai.

3.5.3 Me kore he pakaru, he āhua rerekē rānei o te puna kōpae, ki te kore me whakakapi. 3.5.4 Kaua ngā tīwiri whakapiri i te mata o te nati raka e wetekina. Ka huri ngāwari te nati kakau takirere, ā, ka whakarite kia kaua e neke atu i te 0.35 mm te tawhiti tuaka.