He aha tetakirere whakahaere pēhanga?
I te taumata taketake, he taputapu miihini te takirere whakahaere pēhanga i hangaia hei whakahaere i te pēhanga o runga, o raro rānei, hei whakautu i ngā huringa o te pūnaha. Tērā pea kei roto i ēnei huringa ngā rerekētanga o te rere, te pēhanga, te pāmahana, me ētahi atu āhuatanga e puta ana i te wā e whakahaerehia ana te pūnaha. Ko te kaupapa o te kaiwhakahaere pēhanga he pupuri i te pēhanga e hiahiatia ana e te pūnaha. He mea nui, he rerekē ngā kaiwhakahaere pēhanga i ngā takirere, e whakahaere ana i te rere o te pūnaha, ā, kāore e whakarerekē aunoa. Ko ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga e whakahaere ana i te pēhanga, ehara i te rere, ā, he whakahaere-ake.

Momo kaiwhakahaere pēhanga
E rua ngā momo matua o ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga:ngā takirere whakaiti pēhanga me ngā takirere pēhanga whakamuri.

Ka whakahaerehia e ngā takirere whakaiti pēhanga te rere o te pēhanga ki te tukanga mā te rongo i te pēhanga putanga me te whakahaere i te pēhanga i raro iho i a rātou anō.

Ka whakahaerehia e ngā kaiwhakahaere pēhanga whakamuri te pēhanga mai i te tukanga mā te rongo i te pēhanga tomo me te whakahaere i te pēhanga mai i te taha whakarunga.

Ko te kōwhiringa pai mō te whakahaere pēhanga ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā whakaritenga o tō tukanga. Hei tauira, ki te hiahia koe ki te whakaiti i te pēhanga mai i tētahi pūtake pēhanga teitei i mua i te taenga atu o te pūnaha ki te tukanga matua, ka taea e te takirere whakaiti pēhanga te mahi. He rerekē, ka āwhina te takirere pēhanga whakamuri ki te whakahaere me te pupuri i te pēhanga o runga mā te whakaiti i te pēhanga nui ina meinga e ngā āhuatanga o te pūnaha kia teitei ake te pēhanga i te mea e hiahiatia ana. Ina whakamahia i roto i te taiao tika, ka taea e ia momo te āwhina i a koe ki te pupuri i te pēhanga e hiahiatia ana puta noa i tō pūnaha.

Te kaupapa mahi o te takirere whakahaere pēhanga
E toru ngā wāhanga nui o ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga hei āwhina i a rātou ki te whakahaere i te pēhanga:

Ngā wāhanga whakahaere, tae atu ki te nohoanga takirere me te poppet. Ka āwhina te nohoanga takirere ki te whakahaere i te pēhanga me te ārai i te turuturu o te wai ki tērā taha o te kaiwhakahaere ina whakawetohia. I te wā e rere ana te pūnaha, ka mahi tahi te poppet me te nohoanga takirere hei whakaoti i te tukanga hiri.

He wāhanga aro, he diaphragm, he piston rānei te nuinga. Mā te wāhanga aro ka piki, ka heke rānei te poppet i roto i te nohoanga takirere hei whakahaere i te pēhanga tomo, putanga rānei.

Ngā Wāhanga Utaina. I runga i te whakamahinga, ka taea te whakamahi hei kaiwhakahaere puna, hei kaiwhakahaere tuanui rānei. Ka whakamahia e te wāhanga utaina he kaha taurite ki raro ki runga o te diaphragm.

Ka mahi tahi ēnei huānga ki te waihanga i te mana whakahaere pēhanga e hiahiatia ana. Ka rongo te piston, te diaphragm rānei i te pēhanga o runga (tomo) me te pēhanga o raro (putanga). Kātahi ka ngana te huānga pūoko ki te kimi i te taurite me te kaha kua whakaritea mai i te huānga uta, ka whakaritea e te kaiwhakamahi mā te kakau, mā tētahi atu tikanga hurihuri rānei. Mā te huānga pūoko ka taea e te poppet te whakatuwhera, te kati rānei mai i te nohoanga takirere. Ka mahi tahi ēnei huānga ki te pupuri i te taurite me te whakatutuki i te pēhanga kua whakaritea. Mena ka huri tetahi kaha, me huri hoki tetahi atu kaha hei whakahoki i te taurite.

I roto i tētahi takirere whakaiti pēhanga, me taurite ngā kaha rerekē e whā, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 1. Kei roto i tēnei ko te kaha uta (F1), te kaha puna tomo (F2), te pēhanga putanga (F3) me te pēhanga tomo (F4). Me ōrite te kaha uta katoa ki te huinga o te kaha puna tomo, te pēhanga putanga, me te pēhanga tomo.

He rite tonu te mahi a ngā takirere pēhanga whakamuri. Me taurite te kaha o te puna (F1), te pēhanga tomo (F2) me te pēhanga putanga (F3) e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 2. I konei, me ōrite te kaha o te puna ki te tapeke o te pēhanga tomo me te pēhanga putanga.

Te Kōwhiri i te Kaiwhakahaere Pēhanga Tika
Ko te tāuta i tētahi kaiwhakahaere pēhanga rahi tika te mea nui hei pupuri i te pēhanga e hiahiatia ana. Ko te rahi tika e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tere rere o te pūnaha – ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere nui ake te whakahaere i ngā rere teitei me te whakahaere pai i te pēhanga, engari mō ngā tere rere iti, he tino whai hua ngā kaiwhakahaere iti. He mea nui anō hoki te rahi o ngā wāhanga kaiwhakahaere. Hei tauira, he pai ake te whakamahi i tētahi diaphragm nui ake, i tētahi piston rānei hei whakahaere i ngā tono pēhanga iti. Me tika te rahi o ngā wāhanga katoa i runga i ngā whakaritenga o tō pūnaha.

Pēhanga pūnaha
I te mea ko te mahi matua a te kaiwhakahaere pēhanga he whakahaere i te pēhanga o te pūnaha, he mea nui kia whakarite kia rite te rahi o tō kaiwhakahaere ki ngā pēhanga mōrahi, mōrahi, me ngā pēhanga whakahaere o te pūnaha. He maha ngā wā ka whakaatuhia e ngā whakatakotoranga hua kaiwhakahaere pēhanga te awhe whakahaere pēhanga, he mea tino nui tēnei mō te whiriwhiri i te kaiwhakahaere pēhanga tika.

Te pāmahana pūnaha
He whānui ngā awhe pāmahana o ngā tukanga ahumahi, ā, me whakawhirinaki koe ka tūpato te kaiwhakahaere pēhanga e whiriwhiria e koe ki ngā āhuatanga mahi e tumanakohia ana. Ko ngā āhuatanga taiao tētahi o ngā āhuatanga me whai whakaaro, me ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te pāmahana wai me te pānga Joule-Thomson, e hua ai te whakamatao tere nā te hekenga o te pēhanga.

te aro o te tukanga
He mea nui te aro o te tukanga ki te whakatau i te kōwhiringa o te aratau whakahaere i roto i ngā kaiwhakahaere pēhanga. E ai ki te kōrero i runga ake nei, ko te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakahaere he kaiwhakahaere puna-utaina, he kaiwhakahaere poutū rānei. Ka whakahaerehia ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga puna-utaina e te kaiwhakahaere mā te huri i tētahi kakau hurihuri o waho e whakahaere ana i te kaha puna i runga i te huānga pūoko. He rerekē, ka whakamahia e ngā kaiwhakahaere poutū-utaina te pēhanga wai i roto i te pūnaha hei whakarato i tētahi pēhanga kua whakaritea e pā ana ki te huānga pūoko. Ahakoa he maha ake ngā kaiwhakahaere puna-utaina, ā, he mōhio ake ngā kaiwhakahaere ki a rātou, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere poutū-utaina te āwhina ki te whakapai ake i te tika i roto i ngā tono e hiahia ana, ā, ka whai hua pea i roto i ngā tono kaiwhakahaere aunoa.

pāpāho pūnaha
He mea nui te hototahitanga o ngā rauemi i waenga i ngā wāhanga katoa o te kaiwhakahaere pēhanga me te pūnaha kia roa ai te wā e whakamahia ana, kia kore ai hoki e roa te wā e whakamahia ana. Ahakoa ka pakaru te rapa me te elastomer i ētahi wā, ka tere ake te pakaru o ētahi pūnaha, ka pakaru wawe hoki te takirere whakahaere.

He mea nui te mahi a ngā takirere whakahaere pēhanga i roto i te maha o ngā pūnaha wai me ngā taputapu ahumahi, hei āwhina i te pupuri, i te whakahaere rānei i te pēhanga me te rere e hiahiatia ana hei whakautu ki ngā huringa pūnaha. He mea nui te whiriwhiri i te kaiwhakahaere pēhanga tika kia noho haumaru ai tō pūnaha, kia mahi ai hoki kia rite ki te mea e tumanakohia ana. Mā te kōwhiringa hē ka arahi pea ki te koretake o te pūnaha, te mahi ngoikore, te rapurongoā pinepine, me ngā tūponotanga haumaru pea.