Ahakoangā takirere kirihoui ētahi wā ka kiia he hua motuhake - te whiringa tuatahi mā te hunga e hanga ana, e hoahoa ana rānei i ngā hua paipa kirihou mō ngā pūnaha ahumahi, me whai taputapu tino ma rānei - he poto noa iho te whakaaro kāore i te maha ngā whakamahinga whānui o ēnei takirere - tirohanga. Inaa, he whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o ngā takirere kirihou o ēnei rā, nā te mea kei te whānui haere tonu ngā momo rauemi, ā, ko ngā kaihoahoa pai e hiahia ana ki ēnei rauemi te tikanga he maha ake ngā huarahi hei whakamahi i ēnei taputapu maha-mahi.

NGĀ ĀHUATANGA O TE KIRIHIKI

He whānui ngā painga o ngā takirere kirihou wera—he ātete ki te waikura, ki te matū me te pakū; he maeneene ngā pakitara o roto; he māmā; he ngāwari te tāutanga; he roa te ora; me te iti o te utu mō te huringa ora. Nā ēnei painga kua whānuitia te whakaaetia o ngā takirere kirihou i roto i ngā tono arumoni me ngā tono ahumahi pēnei i te tohatoha wai, te maimoatanga wai para, te tukatuka whakarewa me te matū, te kai me te rongoā, ngā tipu hiko, ngā whare whakapai hinu me te mo. Ka taea te hanga i ngā takirere kirihou mai i te maha o ngā rauemi rerekē e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whirihoranga maha. Ko ngā takirere kirihou wera tino noa he mea hanga ki te polyvinyl chloride (PVC), te polyvinyl chloride chlorinated (CPVC), te polypropylene (PP), me te polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Ko ngā takirere PVC me CPVC he mea hono noa ki ngā pūnaha paipa mā te whakamahi i ngā pito o te tūhono honohono whakarewa, ngā pito miro me ngā pito flanged rānei; engari, ko te PP me te PVDF me hono ngā wāhanga o te pūnaha paipa, mā te hangarau wera, te hangarau pūmau, te hangarau whakakotahi hiko rānei.

He tino pai ngā takirere wera-kirihou i roto i ngā taiao waikura, engari he rite tonu te whai hua ki te ratonga wai whānui nā te mea he kore-mata, he ātete ki te tango-sincification, ā, e kore e waikura. Me whakamātautau me te whakamana i ngā pūnaha paipa me ngā takirere PVC me CPVC ki te paerewa 61 a te NSF [National Sanitation Foundation] mō ngā pānga hauora, tae atu ki te iti o te whakaritenga mata mō te Tāpiritanga G. Ka taea te whiriwhiri i te rauemi tika mō ngā waikura mā te tirotiro i te aratohu ātete matū a te kaihanga me te mārama ki te pānga o te pāmahana ki te kaha o ngā rauemi kirihou.

Ahakoa he haurua te kaha o te polypropylene i te PVC me te CPVC, ko tōna ātete matū tino maha ngā whakamahinga nā te mea kāore he whakarewa e mōhiotia ana. He pai te mahi a te PP i roto i ngā waikawa acetic me ngā hauwaiwai kukū, ā, he pai hoki mō ngā otinga ngawari o te nuinga o ngā waikawa, ngā kawakore, ngā tote me te maha o ngā matū waro.

Kei te wātea te PP hei rauemi whai tae, hei rauemi kore tae rānei (taiao). Ka tino pakaru te PP tūturu i te hihi ultraviolet (UV), engari ko ngā matū kei roto neke atu i te 2.5% te tae waro pango ka tino pumau te UV.

E whakamahia ana ngā pūnaha paipa PVDF i roto i ngā momo mahi ahumahi mai i te rongoā ki te keri maina nā te kaha o te PVDF, te pāmahana mahi me te ātete matū ki ngā tote, ngā waikawa kaha, ngā turanga waimeha me te maha o ngā whakarewa waro. Kāore i rite ki te PP, kāore te PVDF e pakaru i te rā; heoi, he mārama te kirihou ki te rā, ā, ka taea te whakaatu i te wai ki te hihi UV. Ahakoa he pai te hanganga taiao, kāore he tae o te PVDF mō ngā mahi o roto, he tino parakore, mā te tāpiri i tētahi tae pēnei i te whero kai-kai ka taea te whakaatu ki te rā me te kore he pānga kino ki te wai.

He wero te hoahoa o ngā pūnaha kirihou, pērā i te aro ki te pāmahana me te whānui me te whakaheke wera, engari ka taea e ngā kaihangarau te hoahoa i ngā pūnaha paipa roa, whai hua hoki mō ngā taiao whānui me ngā taiao waikura. Ko te whakaaro nui ki te hoahoa ko te nui ake o te tauwehenga whānui wera mō ngā kirihou i te konganuku—hei tauira, e rima ki te ono ngā wā o te wera kirihou i te maitai.

I te hoahoa i ngā pūnaha paipa me te whakaaro ki te pānga ki te whakatakotoranga o te takirere me ngā tautoko takirere, he mea nui te whakaaro ki te roa o te wera i roto i ngā kirihou wera. Ka taea te whakaiti, te whakakore rānei i ngā ahotea me ngā kaha e puta mai ana i te whānui me te whakaheke wera mā te whakarato i te ngāwari ki roto i ngā pūnaha paipa mā te huri pinepine i te ahunga, te whakauru rānei i ngā koropiko whānui. Mā te whakarato i tēnei ngāwari i te taha o te pūnaha paipa, kāore e hiahiatia te takirere kirihou ki te mimiti i te nui o te ahotea (Pikitia 1).

Nā te mea he tairongo ngā kirihou wera ki te pāmahana, ka heke te pehanga o te takirere i te pikinga o te pāmahana. He rite te hekenga o ngā rauemi kirihou ki te pikinga o te pāmahana. Kāore pea te pāmahana wai anake te pūtake wera ka pā ki te pehanga o ngā takirere kirihou—me whai wāhi te pāmahana o waho mōrahi ki te whakaaro hoahoa. I ētahi wā, ko te kore hoahoa mō te pāmahana o waho o ngā paipa ka nui te hekenga nā te kore o ngā tautoko paipa. Ko te pāmahana ratonga mōrahi o te PVC he 140°F; ko te CPVC he 220°F; ko te PP he 180°F; ā, ka taea e ngā takirere PVDF te pupuri i te pehanga tae atu ki te 280°F (Pikitia 2).

I tētahi atu pito o te tauine pāmahana, he pai te mahi a te nuinga o ngā pūnaha paipa kirihou i ngā pāmahana i raro iho i te hukapapa. Inaa, ka piki ake te kaha kume i roto i ngā paipa kirihou wera i te hekenga o te pāmahana. Heoi, ka heke te ātete pānga o te nuinga o ngā kirihou i te hekenga o te pāmahana, ā, ka puta te pakarukaru i roto i ngā rauemi paipa kua pāngia. Mena ka noho tonu ngā takirere me te pūnaha paipa e tata ana, kāore e pāngia e te pupuhi, e te tukinga rānei o ngā mea, ā, kāore ngā paipa e taka i te wā e whakahaeretia ana, ka whakaitihia ngā pānga kino ki ngā paipa kirihou.

NGĀ MOMO O NGĀ TAUPAPA THERMOPLICTIC

Ngā takirere pōro,takirere tirotiro,ngā takirere pūrerehuaKei te wātea ngā takirere diaphragm i roto i ia o ngā rauemi thermoplastic rerekē mō ngā pūnaha paipa pēhanga hōtaka 80, he maha hoki ngā kōwhiringa whakapaipai me ngā taputapu. Ko te takirere pōro paerewa te mea e kitea whānuitia ana he hoahoa hononga pono hei whakahaere i te tango i te tinana takirere mō te tiaki me te kore e whakararuraru i ngā paipa hono. Kei te wātea ngā takirere tirotiro thermoplastic hei tirotiro pōro, hei tirotiro hurihuri, hei tirotiro-y me hei tirotiro kōne. Ka ngāwari te hono o ngā takirere pūrerehua ki ngā flange whakarewa nā te mea e rite ana ki ngā kōhao pūtu, ngā porowhita pūtu me ngā inenga whānui o te ANSI Class 150. Ko te diameter o roto maeneene o ngā wāhanga thermoplastic ka tāpiri noa ki te whakahaere tika o ngā takirere diaphragm.

He maha ngā kamupene o Amerika me tāwāhi e hanga ana i ngā takirere pōro PVC me CPVC i roto i ngā rahi mai i te 1/2 inihi ki te 6 inihi me ngā hononga kōhao, miro, hononga flanged rānei. Ko te hoahoa hononga tūturu o ngā takirere pōro o ēnei rā ko ngā nati e rua e whakawiri ana ki te tinana, e pēhi ana i ngā hiri elastomeric i waenga i te tinana me ngā hononga pito. Kua mau tonu ētahi kaihanga i te roa o te whakatakoto takirere pōro me ngā miro nati mō ngā tekau tau kia ngāwari ai te whakakapi i ngā takirere tawhito me te kore e whakarerekē i ngā paipa e tata ana.

Me whai tiwhikete NSF-61G ngā takirere pōro me ngā hiri elastomeric ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) hei whakamahi i roto i te wai inu. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā hiri elastomeric Fluorocarbon (FKM) hei huarahi kē atu mō ngā pūnaha e āwangawanga ana mō te hototahi matū. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te FKM i roto i te nuinga o ngā tono e pā ana ki ngā waikawa kohuke, engari ko te hauwai pūhaumāota, ngā otinga tote, ngā hauwaiwai kua whakapūkaratia me ngā hinu hinu.

Pikitia 3. He takirere pōro whai parirau e piri ana ki te tāke Pikitia 4. He takirere tirotiro pōro kua tāuta poutū Ko ngā takirere pōro PVC me CPVC, 1/2-inihi ki te 2 inihi, he kōwhiringa pai mō ngā tono wai wera me te wai matao kei reira te ratonga wai kore-ru mōrahi ka taea te nui ki te 250 psi i te 73°F. Ko ngā takirere pōro nui ake, 2-1/2 inihi ki te 6 inihi, ka iti ake te whakatauranga pēhanga o te 150 psi i te 73°F. He mea whakamahi noa i roto i te kawe matū, ko ngā takirere pōro PP me PVDF (Pikitia 3 me te 4), e wātea ana i roto i ngā rahi 1/2-inihi ki te 4 inihi me te hononga pūwero, miro, hononga pito-whakarara rānei, ka whakatauhia ki te ratonga wai kore-ru mōrahi o te 150 psi i te pāmahana taiao.

Ko ngā takirere tirotiro pōro kirihou wera e whakawhirinaki ana ki tētahi pōro he iti iho te taumaha i te wai, nō reira, ki te ngaro te pēhanga i te taha whakarunga, ka totohu te pōro ki te mata hiri. Ka taea te whakamahi i ēnei takirere i roto i te ratonga kotahi me ngā takirere pōro kirihou rite tonu nā te mea kāore e whakauru mai i ngā rauemi hou ki te pūnaha. Ko ētahi atu momo takirere tirotiro ko ngā puna whakarewa kāore pea e roa i roto i ngā taiao waikura.

Pikitia 5. He takirere pūrerehua me te raina elastomeric He rongonui te takirere pūrerehua kirihou i roto i ngā rahi 2 inihi ki te 24 inihi mō ngā pūnaha paipa nui ake te diameter. He rerekē ngā huarahi a ngā kaihanga o ngā takirere pūrerehua kirihou ki te hanga me te hiri i ngā mata. Ko ētahi e whakamahi ana i te raina elastomeric (Pikitia 5) i te mowhiti-O rānei, ko ētahi e whakamahi ana i te kōpae pania elastomeric. Ko ētahi e hanga ana i te tinana mai i te rauemi kotahi, engari ko ngā wāhanga o roto, kua mākūhia hei rauemi pūnaha, ko te tikanga kei roto i te tinana takirere pūrerehua polypropylene he raina EPDM me te kōpae PVC, he maha atu rānei ngā whirihoranga me ngā kirihou wera me ngā hiri elastomeric e kitea whānuitia ana.

He māmā noa te tāutanga o tētahi takirere pūrerehua kirihou nā te mea he mea hanga ēnei takirere kia rite ki te momo wafer me ngā hiri elastomeric kua hoahoatia ki roto i te tinana. Kāore e hiahiatia he tāpiri gasket. Kei waenganui i ngā flanges e rua e hono ana, me āta whakahaere te whakapuru i tētahi takirere pūrerehua kirihou mā te piki ake ki te taipana pūtu kua tūtohutia i roto i ngā wāhanga e toru. Ka mahia tēnei hei whakarite kia ōrite te hiri puta noa i te mata, ā, kia kore ai he ahotea miihini kāore i te ōrite e pā ki te takirere.

Pikitia 6. He takirere diaphragm Ka mōhio ngā tohunga takirere whakarewa ki ngā mahi pai rawa atu o ngā takirere diaphragm kirihou me ngā tohu wira me te tūranga (Pikitia 6); heoi, tera pea he painga motuhake o te takirere diaphragm kirihou tae atu ki ngā pakitara maeneene o roto o te tinana thermoplastic. He rite ki te takirere pōro kirihou, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi o ēnei takirere te tāuta i te hoahoa hononga pono, he mea tino whai hua mō ngā mahi tiaki i te takirere. Ka taea rānei e te kaiwhakamahi te whiriwhiri i ngā hononga flanged. Nā te mea he maha ngā kōwhiringa o te tinana me ngā rauemi diaphragm, ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei takirere i roto i ngā momo tono matū.

Pērā i ngā takirere katoa, ko te mea nui ki te whakaoho i ngā takirere kirihou ko te whakatau i ngā whakaritenga whakahaere pēnei i te hau me te hiko me te mana DC me te AC. Engari ki te kirihou, me mārama hoki te kaihoahoa me te kaiwhakamahi ki te momo taiao ka karapoti i te kaiwhakaoho. E ai ki te kōrero i mua ake nei, he kōwhiringa pai ngā takirere kirihou mō ngā āhuatanga waikura, tae atu ki ngā taiao waikura o waho. Nā tēnei, he mea nui te whakaaro ki te rauemi whare o ngā kaiwhakaoho mō ngā takirere kirihou. He kōwhiringa ā ngā kaihanga takirere kirihou hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ēnei taiao waikura i roto i te ahua o ngā kaiwhakaoho kua hipokina ki te kirihou, ngā pouaka whakarewa kua pania ki te epoxy rānei.

E ai ki tēnei tuhinga, he maha ngā momo kōwhiringa e tukuna ana e ngā takirere kirihou o ēnei rā mō ngā tono me ngā āhuatanga hou.