Whakamakuku me te Ahuwhenua Ua
E rua ngā huarahi matua e whakamahia ai e ngā kaimahi pāmu me ngā kaiahuwhenua te wai ahuwhenua hei whakatipu hua:

ahuwhenua ua
whakamakuku
Ko te ahuwhenua ua te whakamahinga tūturu o te wai ki te oneone mā te ua tika. Kāore pea e pāngia te kai e te ua, engari ka pāngia pea te korenga o te wai ina heke te ua. I tētahi atu taha, ka whakanui ake te wai hanga i te mōrearea o te poke.

whakaahua o ngā pūwero wai e whakamakuku ana i ngā mara
Ko te whakamakuku he whakamahinga horihori o te wai ki te oneone mā roto i ngā paipa, ngā papu me ngā pūnaha rehu. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te whakamakuku i ngā wāhi he ua koretake, he wā maroke rānei, he tauraki rānei e tumanakohia ana. He maha ngā momo pūnaha whakamakuku e tohatoha ōrite ana te wai puta noa i te mara. Ka ahu mai te wai whakamakuku i te wai whenua, i ngā puna wai, i ngā puna wai rānei, i te wai mata, i ngā awa, i ngā roto, i ngā puna wai rānei, tae atu ki ētahi atu puna pēnei i te wai para kua rongoatia, i te wai kua tangohia te tote. Nō reira, he mea nui kia tiakina e ngā kaimahi pāmu ā rātou puna wai ahuwhenua kia iti ake ai te tūponotanga o te poke. Pērā i ngā tango wai whenua katoa, me tūpato ngā kaiwhakamahi wai whakamakuku kia kaua e pupuhihia te wai whenua i waho o te puna wai i te tere o te whakakī anō.

tihi o te whārangi

Ngā momo pūnaha whakamakuku
He maha ngā momo pūnaha whakamakuku, i runga i te tohatoha o te wai puta noa i te whenua ahuwhenua. Ko ētahi o ngā momo pūnaha whakamakuku e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko:

whakamakuku mata
Ka tohatohahia te wai ki runga i te whenua e te kaha ā-papa, ā, kāore he papu miihini e whakamahia ana.

te whakamakuku ā-rohe
Ka tohatohahia te wai ki ia tipu i raro i te pēhanga iti mā roto i tētahi whatunga paipa.

te whakamakuku maturuturu
He momo whakamakuku ā-rohe e tuku ana i ngā pata wai ki ngā pakiaka tipu kei te taha o ngā pakiaka, kei reira rānei. I roto i tēnei momo whakamakuku, ka whakaitihia te mimiti me te rere o te wai.

pūwero wai
Ka tohatohahia te wai mā roto i ngā pīrere tauhiuhi pēhanga teitei o runga ake i te papa, i ngā pūwero rānei mai i tētahi wāhi pokapū i te papa, i ngā pīrere tauhiuhi rānei i runga i ngā papaaho nekeneke.

Whakamakuku Pivot Waenga
Ka tohatohahia te wai e ngā pūnaha pupuhi wai e neke ana i roto i te tauira porowhita i runga i ngā pourewa wira. He mea noa tēnei pūnaha i ngā wāhi papatahi o te Hononga o Amerika.

Whakamakuku pūkoro taha
Ka tohatohahia te wai mā roto i tētahi raupapa paipa, he wira me tētahi huinga pūwero wai kei ia paipa, ka taea te huri ā-ringa, te whakamahi rānei i tētahi tikanga motuhake. Ka neke te pūwero wai i tētahi tawhiti i runga i te mara, kātahi ka hiahiatia kia hono anō ki te tawhiti e whai ake nei. He iti ake te utu o tēnei pūnaha engari he nui ake te mahi e hiahiatia ana i ētahi atu pūnaha.

Whakamakuku tuarua
Mā te whakaara ake i te papa wai, ka tohatohahia te wai ki runga i te whenua mā roto i tētahi pūnaha o ngā teihana papu, ngā awaawa, ngā kēti me ngā awaawa. He tino whai hua tēnei momo whakamakuku i ngā wāhi he teitei te papa wai.

whakamakuku ā-ringa
Ka tohatohahia te wai ki runga i te whenua mā roto i ngā mahi ā-ringa me ngā ipu whakainu. He tino uaua te mahi mō tēnei pūnaha.