Hei whakaputa i tētahi hua mutunga kounga teitei, me maha ngā wāhanga rerekē e hiahiatia ana hei whakahaere pai i ngā tukanga ahumahi. Ko ngā pūoko tūnga, he wāhanga iti engari he mea nui i roto i te aunoatanga ahumahi, te kaupapa o tēnei tuhinga. Mā ngā pūoko tūnga i roto i ngā whare hanga me ngā whare tukatuka ka oti ngā mahi nui e ai ki te whakamahere, e āwhina ana i te aroturuki me te whakahaere i ngā tukanga whakaputa. Kia tika ake, ko tā rātou mahi matua he kimi i ngā "whāinga" me ngā mea e neke ana, me te ripoata i tō rātou aroaro, tō rātou ngaro rānei. He maha ngā whakamahinga o ngā takirere hau nā te mea ka taea e rātou te tuku tohu ki te pūnaha e kī ana ki a ia kia mahi i tētahi mahi kua whakaritea i mua i te wā kei roto i te tawhiti kua whakaritea te ūnga mai i te pūoko tūnga.

Ka tukuna e te pūoko tūnga he tohu e kī ana ki te pūnaha kia mutu te mahi i taua mahi kua whakaritea i mua, kia huri rānei ki tētahi atu mahi ina neke atu te ūnga i te pūoko tūnga. Ahakoa he aha te pūtake i roto i te ariā, ka tirohia e tēnei tuhinga ngā ūnga whakarewa me ngā tikanga "matua" mō te kimi i a rātou hei whakangawari. Ko ngā pana rohe miihini, ngā pūoko tata ā-whakaoho, ngā pana rohe puna, me ngā pana rohe ētahi o ēnei hangarau. He mea āwhina te mārama ki te reo paerewa e whakamahia ana e te nuinga o ngā kaihanga pūoko i mua i te arotake i ngā momo pūoko tūnga maha.

• Awhe pūoko: te wehenga i waenga i te mata pūoko me te ūnga whakahohe-pana

• Hysteresis: te tawhiti i waenganui i te pūwāhi tuku me te pūwāhi whakahohe o te pana

• Te āheinga ki te tāruarua: Te kaha o te pana mō te wā katoa ki te tautuhi i te ūnga kotahi i roto i te awhe kotahi.

• Wā urupare: te wā i waenga i te kitenga ūnga me te whakaputanga tohu putanga.

pana rohe ā-mīhini

Ko ngā taputapu hikohiko e kiia nei ko ngā pana rohe miihini ka whakamahi i te pa atu ā-tinana ki te ūnga hei kite i te tūranga o te ūnga. Ka taea e rātou te tautoko i ngā kawenga iahiko teitei, ā, ka mahi me te kore he pūtake hiko. Kāore ngā pana miihini e aro ki te polarity, ki te ngaohiko rānei nā te mea ka whakamahia e rātou ngā hononga maroke, ka ātete ki ngā hapa hiko maha pērā i te haruru hiko, te pokanoa auau reo irirangi, te iahiko turuturu, me te hekenga ngaohiko. He maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana te tiaki i te ringa rīpene, te pātene, te tinana, te turanga, te pane, ngā hononga, ngā pito, me ētahi atu wāhanga neke o ēnei pana. Tērā pea he ngoikore te whakahokinga o ngā pana rohe miihini Votto nā te mea kei te pa atu ā-tinana ki te ūnga. Ka pakaru pea te ūnga me te ringa rīpene i te pa atu ā-tinana. Kei reira anō hoki ngā whakatuwheratanga kāore i tiakina e ngawari ana ki te waikura, te puehu, me te makuku. Nā tēnei raruraru, he maha ngā wā ka nui te utu mō ngā wāhi morearea kua whakamanahia me ngā hononga hiri.

Pātene puna whakawhāiti

He taputapu hikohiko te pana rohe puna e whakamahi ana i te kukume aukume hei whakatau i te wāhi o te ūnga aukume. E rua ngā kōhao whakarewa iti kei roto i te ngongo karāhe kei roto i te pana. He "huānga wiwi" tēnei. Nā tōna aro aukume, ka aro te huānga wiwi ki ngā ūnga aukume mā te whakahohe. Nā te mea kāore e hiahiatia he pā tika ki te ūnga kia mahi ai, ka whakaratohia e ngā pana rohe puna ngā painga katoa o ngā pana miihini me te karo i ngā uauatanga o te kakahu.

Kāore e taea te whakamahi i ngā ūnga rino noa me ngā pana rohe puna; me whai ūnga aukume. Kāore e pono te pana wiwi nā te mea ka ngenge te huānga wiwi, te ngongo karāhe, me ngā kōhao whakarewa iti i te piko. Tērā pea ka hua ake te haruru o ngā hononga me ngā tohu hē mai i te wiwi i ngā āhuatanga wiri nui.

Ngā Pūoko mō te Tata Whakaoho

Ka whakamahia e te pūrere hiko totoka-āhua e kiia nei ko te pūoko tata ā-whakapūmau ngā panonitanga o te mara pūngao o tētahi mea whakarewa hei whakatau i tōna wāhi. Kāore e hiahiatia he pā ā-tinana, ā, kāore he wāhanga neke e āraihia, e pakaruhia, e kino rānei, ka whakaitihia ai te tiaki. He ātete hoki ki te puehu me te paru nā te mea kāore he wāhanga neke. He tino urutau ngā pūoko tata ā-whakapūmau mō ngā momo tono, ā, e wātea ana i roto i ngā rahi me ngā hoahoa maha. Kāore e taea e ngā pūoko tata ā-whakapūmau te aro ki ngā kawenga iahiko teitei, ā, me whai pūtake hiko o waho (hiko) kia mahi ai. Tērā pea ka ngoikore rātou ki ngā hekenga ngaohiko, ngā ia turuturu, te pokanoa auau reo irirangi, me te haruru hiko. I ētahi wā, ka kino ngā huringa pāmahana nui me te urunga makuku ki ngā pūoko tata ā-whakapūmau.

pana rohe rohe

Mā te whakamahi i tētahi hangarau ranu motuhake, ka taea e ngā pana rohe rohe te kimi i ngā ūnga ferrous mā roto i ngā mara hikohiko. He tino pono ngā pana rohe kore-ringa i roto i ngā āhuatanga uaua me te whakamahinga roa. Nā te mea kāore he hiahia mō te pā ā-tinana, te mana o waho rānei, ka taea ngā kawenga iahiko nui, ā, kāore he mea e taea te aukati, te piko, te pakaru, te huri rānei. He rite ki ngā pana miihini, kāore e pāngia e te haruru hiko, te pokanoa auau reo irirangi, ngā ia turuturu, me ngā hekenga ngaohiko. Kāore hoki e pāngia e te polarity, te ngaohiko rānei. Kāore he pānga o te puehu, te paru, te makuku, te pā ā-tinana, me te nuinga o ngā mea waikura, matū rānei ki ngā pana rohe rohe. He whānui te whānuitanga pāmahana mahi o te nuinga o ngā momo, ā, he haumaru hoki. He tino pai te pana rohe kore-ringa mō ngā tono e hiahia ana kia ārai wai me te ārai pahū nā ōna hononga hiri me te pouaka whakarewa totoka.

He mea nui ngā pūoko tūnga mō te aunoatanga o ngā tukanga ahumahi. He maha ngā hangarau pūoko tūnga kei te mākete, he rerekē ngā āhuatanga mahi o ia pūoko. Hei whakatutuki i te mahi me te pono e tika ana, me āta whiriwhiri te momo pūoko tika mō te tono.