He aha te takirere?

Ko te takirere, e mōhiotia ana i ētahi wā ko te takirere i te reo Pākehā, he taputapu e whakamahia ana hei aukati, hei whakahaere rānei i te rere o ngā momo rere wai. Ko te takirere he taputapu paipa e whakamahia ana hei whakatuwhera me te kati i ngā paipa, hei whakahaere i te ahunga rere, me te whakarerekē me te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga o te reo kawe, tae atu ki te pāmahana, te pēhanga, me te rere. Ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā takirere kati, ngā takirere tirotiro, ngā takirere whakahaere, me ētahi atu mea i runga i te mahi. Ko ngā takirere he wāhanga e whakahaere ana i te rere o ngā momo wai rerekē, tae atu ki te hau, te wai, te mamaoa, me ētahi atu i roto i ngā pūnaha tuku wai. Ko ngā takirere rino maka, ngā takirere maitai maka, ngā takirere maitai kowiri tira, ngā takirere maitai chromium molybdenum, ngā takirere maitai chrome molybdenum vanadium, ngā takirere maitai takirua, ngā takirere kirihou, ngā takirere ritenga kore-paerewa, me ētahi atu, he torutoru noa iho o ngā momo me ngā whakaritenga o ngā takirere.

E pā ana ki te hītori o te takirere

Ka pāngia tō tātou oranga i ia rā, i ia rā, e te whakamahinga o ngā takirere. Ka whakahaerehia e tātou ngā takirere ina tahuri tātou i te taputapu hei tiki wai hei inu, ina tahuri rānei i te wai whakapūkara hei whakamakuku i ngā hua. Ko te mau tonu o ngā takirere maha nā te hononga uaua o ngā paipa.

He hononga tata te whanaketanga o ngā tukanga whakaputa ahumahi me te whanaketanga o ngā takirere. Tērā pea ka whakamahia he kōhatu nui, he take rānei o te rākau hei aukati i te rere o te wai, hei whakarerekē rānei i tōna ahunga i te ao tawhito hei whakahaere i te rere o ngā awa, o ngā awaawa rānei. I tīmata a Li Bing (kāore i te mōhiotia ngā tau whānau me ngā tau mate) ki te keri i ngā puna tote i te Mania o Chengdu i te mutunga o te wā o ngā Whenua Pakanga hei tiki tote tote me te parai.

I te tango i te tote, ka whakamahia he poro pīkau angiangi hei rango tango tote ka whakanohoia ki roto i te anga, ā, he takirere whakatuwhera me te kati kei raro. Ka hangaia he anga rakau nui ki runga i te puna, ā, ka taea e te rango kotahi te tango i ētahi peere tote. Kātahi ka tangohia te tote mā te whakamahi i te wira kaihanga rihi me te wira hei whakawātea i te peere pīkau. Whakanohoia ki roto i te puna hei utu tote hei hanga tote, ā, tāutahia he takirere pupuhi rakau ki tetahi pito hei aukati i ngā turuturu.

I roto i ētahi atu mea, i whakawhanakehia e ngā iwi o Īhipa me Kariki ētahi momo takirere māmā mō te whakamakuku i ngā hua. Heoi, e whakaaetia whānuitia ana i hangaia e ngā Rōmana o mua he pūnaha whakamakuku wai tino uaua mō te whakamakuku i ngā hua, me te whakamahi i ngā takirere kōkō me ngā takirere pūwero me ngā takirere kore-hoki hei aukati i te wai kei rere whakamuri.

He maha ngā hoahoa hangarau a Leonardo da Vinci mai i te wā o te Renaissance, tae atu ki ngā pūnaha whakamakuku, ngā awaawa whakamakuku, me ētahi atu kaupapa pūnaha waipēhi nui, kei te whakamahi tonu i ngā takirere.

I muri mai, i te whanaketanga o te hangarau whakamahana me ngā taputapu tiaki wai i Ūropi,te hiahia mō ngā takirerei piki haere tonu. Nō reira, i whakawhanakehia ngā takirere mono parahi me te konumohe, ā, i whakaurua ngā takirere ki roto i te pūnaha whakarewa.

He rite tonu ngā hītori o te Huringa Ahumahi me te hītori hou o te umanga takirere, ā, kua hohonu haere i roto i ngā wā. I hangaia te mīhini mamaoa arumoni tuatahi i te tau 1705 e Newcomman, nāna anō hoki i whakaaro ngā mātāpono whakahaere mō te mahi mīhini mamaoa. Ko te hanganga a Watt i te mīhini mamaoa i te tau 1769 te tohu i te whakaurunga mana o te takirere ki roto i te umanga mīhini. He maha ngā whakamahinga o ngā takirere mono, ngā takirere haumaru, ngā takirere tirotiro, me ngā takirere pūrerehua i roto i ngā mīhini mamaoa.

He maha ngā whakamahinga o te pakihi takirere i ahu mai i te hanganga o te mīhini mamaoa a Watt. I puta tuatahi mai ngā takirere reti i te rautau 18 me te 19 hei hua o te whakamahinga whānui o ngā mīhini mamaoa e ngā umanga keri, rino, kakahu, hanga mīhini, me ētahi atu ahumahi. I tua atu, i hangaia e ia te kaiwhakahaere tere tuatahi, i hua ake ai te hiahia ki te whakahaere rere wai. Ko tētahi whanaketanga nui i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā takirere ko te putanga mai o ngā takirere porowhita me ngā kakau miro me ngā takirere kuaha porowhita me ngā kakau miro trapezoidal.

I te tīmatanga, i ea i te whanaketanga o ēnei momo takirere e rua ngā hiahia mō te whakahaere rere me ngā hiahia o te maha o ngā ahumahi mō te whakapai tonu i te pēhanga me te pāmahana o te takirere.

Ko ngā takirere pōro, ngā takirere mono porowhita rānei, i ahu mai i te hoahoa a John Wallen rāua ko John Charpmen i te rautau 19, engari kāore i whakamahia ki te hanga i taua wā, koia pea ngā takirere tuatahi o te hītori.

I muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, ko te US Navy tētahi o ngā kaitautoko tuatahi o te whakamahinga o ngā takirere i roto i ngā waka ruku, ā, i whakatinanahia te whanaketanga o te takirere me te whakatenatena a te kāwanatanga. Nā reira, he maha ngā kaupapa me ngā kaupapa R&D hou kua mahia i roto i te wāhanga o te whakamahinga takirere, ā, nā te pakanga anō hoki i ahu mai ai ngā whanaketanga o te hangarau takirere hou.

I tīmata te tupu me te whanake o ngā ōhanga o ngā whenua ahumahi matatau tetahi i muri i tetahi i ngā tau 1960. Ko ngā hua mai i Tiamana ki te Hauāuru o mua, Hapani, Itari, Wīwī, te United Kingdom, me ētahi atu whenua i hiahia ki te hoko i ā rātou taonga ki tāwāhi, ā, ko te kaweake i ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu katoa te mea i akiaki i te kaweake i ngā takirere.

I waenga i te mutunga o te tekau tau atu i 1960 me te tīmatanga o te tekau tau atu i 1980, ka whiwhi motuhake ngā koroni o mua. Nā te hiahia nui ki te whakawhanake i ā rātou ahumahi ā-rohe, he maha ngā mīhini i kawemaihia mai e rātou, tae atu ki ngā takirere. I tua atu, nā te raruraru hinu i akiaki ngā iwi whakaputa hinu ki te haumi nui ki te rāngai hinu tino whai hua. He maha ngā take i puta ai te wā o te tipu tere o te hanga takirere o te ao, te hokohoko, me te whanaketanga, ā, i tino whakatairanga i te tipu o te pakihi takirere.