Te kaupapa here hiri o te takirere

He maha ngā momo takirere, engari he rite tonu tā rātou mahi matua, arā, he hono, he tapahi rānei i te rere o ngā mea pāpāho. Nō reira, ka tino kitea te raruraru hiri o ngā takirere.

Hei whakarite kia taea e te takirere te aukati pai i te rere o te reo, me te ārai hoki i te turuturu, me whakarite kia mau tonu te hiri o te takirere. He maha ngā take mō te turuturu o te takirere, tae atu ki te hoahoa hanganga koretake, ngā mata hiri hapa, ngā wāhanga here koretake, te koretake o te hononga i waenga i te tinana takirere me te taupoki takirere, me ētahi atu. Ka arahi pea ēnei raruraru katoa ki te hiri koretake o te takirere. Āe, ka puta he raruraru turuturu. Nō reira,hangarau hiri takirereHe hangarau nui tēnei e pā ana ki te mahi me te kounga o te takirere, ā, me whai rangahau pūnaha me te hōhonu.

Mai i te hanganga o ngā takirere, kua tino whanakehia hoki te hangarau hiri. Tae noa ki tēnei wā, e rua ngā āhuatanga matua o te hangarau hiri takirere, arā, te hiri pūmau me te hiri hihiri.

Ko te hiri pūmau e kīia ana ko te hiri i waenganui i ngā mata pūmau e rua. Ko te tikanga hiri o te hiri pūmau ko te whakamahi i ngā gasket.

Ko te mea e kiia nei ko te hiri hihiri e pā ana kite hiri o te kakau takirere, e ārai ana i te turuturu o te reo i roto i te takirere i te nekehanga o te kakau takirere. Ko te tikanga hiri matua o te hiri hihiri ko te whakamahi i te pouaka whakakī.

1. Hiri pumau

Ko te hiri pūmau e pā ana ki te hanganga o te hiri i waenganui i ngā wāhanga pūmau e rua, ā, ko te tikanga hiri he whakamahi i ngā hiri. He maha ngā momo horoi. Ko ngā horoi e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko ngā horoi papatahi, ngā horoi āhua-O, ngā horoi takai, ngā horoi āhua-motuhake, ngā horoi ngaru me ngā horoi patunga. Ka taea te wehewehe anō i ia momo i runga i ngā rauemi rerekē e whakamahia ana.
①Horoi papatahiKo ngā mīhini horoi papatahi he mīhini horoi papatahi e whakatakotoria ana ki waenganui i ngā wāhanga e rua e tū ana. I te nuinga o te wā, e ai ki ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana, ka taea te wehewehe i ēnei ki ngā mīhini horoi papatahi kirihou, ngā mīhini horoi papatahi rapa, ngā mīhini horoi papatahi whakarewa me ngā mīhini horoi papatahi hiato. He whānuitanga whakamahinga motuhake tō ia rauemi.
②Mōwhiti-O. Ko te mōwhiti-O e pā ana ki tētahi gasket he āhua-O te wāhanga whakawhiti. Nā te mea he āhua-O tōna wāhanga whakawhiti, he āhua whakakīkī anō tōna, nō reira he pai ake te pānga hiri i te gasket papatahi.
③Whakaurua ngā mīhini horoi. Ko te gasket takai e pā ana ki te gasket e takai ana i tētahi rauemi ki tētahi atu rauemi. He pai te ngāwari o taua gasket, ā, ka taea te whakarei ake i te pānga hiri. ④Ngā mīhini horoi āhua motuhake. Ko ngā mīhini horoi āhua motuhake e pā ana ki ngā gasket he āhua koretake, tae atu ki ngā mīhini horoi porowhita, ngā mīhini horoi taimana, ngā mīhini horoi momo taputapu, ngā mīhini horoi momo hiku-kuru, me ētahi atu. Ko te tikanga he pānga whakakī-ake ēnei mīhini horoi, ā, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā takirere pēhanga teitei me te pēhanga waenga.
⑤Te horoi ngaru. Ko ngā hiri ngaru he hiri he āhua ngaru anake. Ko ēnei hiri he mea hanga i te huinga o ngā rauemi whakarewa me ngā rauemi kore-whakarewa. Ko te tikanga he iti te kaha pēhi me te pai o te pānga hiri.
⑥ Tākaihia te mīhini horoi. Ko ngā hiri whara e pā ana ki ngā hiri i hangaia mā te takai piri i ngā rīpene whakarewa angiangi me ngā rīpene kore-whakarewa. He pai te ngāwari me te hiri o tēnei momo hiri. Ko ngā rauemi mō te hanga hiri e toru ngā wāhanga matua, arā, ko ngā rauemi whakarewa, ngā rauemi kore-whakarewa me ngā rauemi hiato. I te nuinga o te wā, he kaha te kaha o ngā rauemi whakarewa, ā, he ātete pāmahana kaha. Ko ngā rauemi whakarewa e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te parahi, te konumohe, te maitai, me ētahi atu. He maha ngā momo rauemi kore-whakarewa, tae atu ki ngā hua kirihou, ngā hua rapa, ngā hua asbestos, ngā hua hemp, me ētahi atu. He whānui te whakamahinga o ēnei rauemi kore-whakarewa, ā, ka taea te whiriwhiri i runga i ngā hiahia motuhake. He maha hoki ngā momo rauemi hiato, tae atu ki ngā papa whakarewa, ngā panera hiato, me ētahi atu, e whiriwhiria ana hoki i runga i ngā hiahia motuhake. I te nuinga o te wā, ko ngā mīhini horoi kowakawaka me ngā mīhini horoi patunga porowhita te nuinga e whakamahia ana.

2. Hiri hihiri

Ko te hiri hihiri e pā ana ki tētahi hiri e ārai ana i te rere o te reo i roto i te takirere kei turuturu i te nekehanga o te kakau takirere. He raruraru hiri tēnei i te nekehanga whanaunga. Ko te tikanga hiri matua ko te pouaka whakakī. E rua ngā momo matua o ngā pouaka whakakī: te momo repe me te momo nati kōpeketanga. Ko te momo repe te momo e whakamahia whānuitia ana i tēnei wā. I te nuinga o te wā, i runga i te āhua o te repe, ka taea te wehewehe kia rua ngā momo: te momo whakakotahi me te momo whakauru. Ahakoa he rerekē ia āhua, kei roto i te nuinga o ngā pūtu mō te kōpeketanga. Ko te momo nati kōpeketanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā takirere iti ake. Nā te iti o te rahi o tēnei momo, he iti te kaha kōpeketanga.
I roto i te pouaka whakakī, nā te mea kei te pā tika te takai ki te kakau takirere, me pai te hiri o te takai, me iti te tauwehenga waku, me urutau ki te pēhanga me te pāmahana o te reo, ā, kia ātete hoki ki te waikura. I tēnei wā, ko ngā whakakī e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko ngā mowhiti-O rapa, te takai whiri polytetrafluoroethylene, te takai asbestos me ngā whakakī whakakikorua kirihou. He āhuatanga me te whānuitanga motuhake tō ia whakakī, ā, me whiriwhiri kia rite ki ngā hiahia motuhake. Ko te hiri hei ārai i te turuturu, nō reira ka akohia hoki te kaupapa o te hiri takirere mai i te tirohanga o te ārai i te turuturu. E rua ngā take matua e puta ai te turuturu. Ko tētahi te mea tino nui e pā ana ki te mahi hiri, arā, ko te āputa i waenga i ngā takirua hiri, ā, ko tētahi ko te rerekētanga pēhanga i waenga i ngā taha e rua o te takirua hiri. Ka tātarihia hoki te kaupapa hiri takirere mai i ngā āhuatanga e whā: te hiri wai, te hiri hau, te kaupapa hiri hongere turuturu me te takirua hiri takirere.

Te piri o te wai

Ko ngā āhuatanga hiri o ngā wai ka whakatauhia e te matotoru me te kukū mata o te wai. Ina kī te pūwero o te takirere turuturu ki te hau, ka taea e te kukū mata te pana i te wai, te whakauru rānei i te wai ki roto i te pūwero. Ka hangaia he koki pātata. Ina iti iho te koki pātata i te 90°, ka werohia te wai ki roto i te pūwero, ā, ka puta he turuturu. Ka puta te turuturu nā ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te pāpāho. Ka puta he hua rerekē i raro i ngā āhuatanga ōrite i ngā whakamātautau e whakamahi ana i ngā pāpāho rerekē. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te wai, te hau, te hinu rānei, me ētahi atu. Ina nui ake te koki pātata i te 90°, ka puta hoki te turuturu. Nā te mea e pā ana ki te kiriata hinu, te kiriata ware pi rānei i runga i te mata whakarewa. Kia rewa ēnei kiriata mata, ka huri ngā āhuatanga o te mata whakarewa, ā, ka mākū te mata o te wai i panaia tuatahitia, ka turuturu. I runga i te āhuatanga i runga ake nei, e ai ki te tātai a Poisson, ko te kaupapa o te aukati i te turuturu, te whakaiti rānei i te nui o te turuturu ka taea te whakatutuki mā te whakaiti i te diameter o te pūwero me te whakanui ake i te kukū o te reo.

Te kukū o te hau

E ai ki te tātai a Poisson, ko te piri o te hau e pā ana ki te matotoru o ngā ngota hau me te hau. He rite whakamuri te turuturu ki te roa o te ngongo kāpia me te matotoru o te hau, ā, he rite tonu ki te diameter o te ngongo kāpia me te kaha taraiwa. Ina rite te diameter o te ngongo kāpia ki te toharite o te herekoretanga o ngā ngota hau, ka rere ngā ngota hau ki roto i te ngongo kāpia me te nekehanga wera kore utu. Nō reira, ina mahia e tātou te whakamātautau hiri takirere, me wai te reo hei whakatutuki i te pānga hiri, ā, kāore e taea e te hau, arā, te hau, te whakatutuki i te pānga hiri.

Ahakoa ka whakaitihia e tātou te whānui o te capillary i raro i ngā ngota hau mā te hanga kirihou, kāore tonu e taea te aukati i te rere o te hau. Ko te take he taea tonu e ngā hau te horapa mā roto i ngā pakitara whakarewa. Nō reira, ina mahi tātou i ngā whakamātautau hau, me tino kaha ake tātou i ngā whakamātautau wai.

Te kaupapa hiri o te awa turuturu

E rua ngā wāhanga o te hiri takirere: te horapa kore taurite i runga i te mata o te ngaru me te taratara o te ngaru i te tawhiti i waenga i ngā tihi ngaru. Mēnā he iti te taumahatanga o te nuinga o ngā rauemi whakarewa i tō tātou whenua, ki te hiahia tātou ki te whakatutuki i te āhua hiri, me whakapiki ake ngā whakaritenga mō te kaha pēhi o te rauemi whakarewa, arā, me nui ake te kaha pēhi o te rauemi i tōna ngāwari. Nō reira, i te wā e hoahoa ana i te takirere, ka taurite te takirua hiri ki tētahi rerekētanga pakeke. I raro i te mahi a te pēhanga, ka puta he pānga hiri āhua kirihou.

Mena he mea hanga te mata hiri ki ngā rauemi whakarewa, ka puta wawe mai ngā pūwāhi korekore e pupū ake ana i runga i te mata. I te tīmatanga, he iti noa te kawenga ka taea te whakamahi hei whakaputa i te āhua kirihou o ēnei pūwāhi korekore e pupū ake ana. Ina piki ake te mata pa, ka huri te korekore o te mata hei āhua kirihou-pūmau. I tēnei wā, ka noho te taratara o ngā taha e rua o te kōhao. Ina hiahiatia he kawenga ka puta he āhua kirihou nui o te rauemi o raro, ā, ka tata te pa o ngā mata e rua, ka taea te hanga i ēnei ara e toe ana kia tata i te rārangi tonu me te ahunga porowhita.

takirua hiri takirere

Ko te takirua hiri takirere te wāhanga o te nohoanga takirere me te wāhanga kati e kati ana ina pā tetahi ki tetahi. I te wā e whakamahia ana, ka ngawari te pakaru o te mata hiri whakarewa i ngā mea kua mau, te waikura o ngā mea, ngā matūriki kakahu, te pirau me te horo. Pērā i ngā matūriki kakahu. Mena he iti ake ngā matūriki kakahu i te taratara o te mata, ka pai ake te tika o te mata, kaua e heke ina kakahuria te mata hiri. Engari, ka heke te tika o te mata. Nō reira, i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā matūriki kakahu, me whai whakaaro whānui ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i ō rātou rauemi, ngā āhuatanga mahi, te hinu, me te waikura o te mata hiri.

Pērā i ngā matūriki kakahu, ina whiriwhiria ana ngā hiri, me whai whakaaro whānui tātou ki ngā āhuatanga maha e pā ana ki tā rātou mahi kia kore ai e turuturu. Nō reira, me whiriwhiri ngā rauemi e ātete ana ki te waikura, ki ngā karawarawa me te horo. Ki te kore, ka tino whakaitihia te mahi hiri e te korenga o tētahi whakaritenga.