Mai i te tīmatanga o tēnei tau, kua piki ake ngā utu utanga i roto i te ipu o te aomāketekua piki haere tonu, ā, he nui te pānga ki ngā mahi kawe waka o te ao, ngā mahi kawe waka mehokohoko.

I te mutunga o Ākuhata, kua eke te taupū utanga ipu kaweake a Haina ki te 3,079 ngā tohu, he pikinga 240.1% i runga i te wā kotahi i te tau 2020, ā, neke atu i te rua te teitei o te hītori o te 1,336 ngā tohu i mua i te rauna pikinga o nāianei.

He whānui ake te whānuitanga o tēnei pikinga utu. I mua i te tau 2020, ko te pikinga utu utanga i roto i te mākete ipu i aro nui ki ētahi huarahi me ētahi wā, engari kua piki ake tēnei pikinga i te nuinga o te wā. Ko ngā utu utanga o ngā huarahi nui pēnei i te huarahi Pākehā, te huarahi Amerika, te huarahi Hapani-Korea ki te Tonga, te huarahi Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti, me te huarahi Mediterranean i piki ake mā te 410.5, i whakaritea ki te mutunga o te tau 2019. %, 198.2%, 39.1%, 89.7% me te 396.7%.

Ka piki ake te utu utanga "kāore anō kia kitea i mua"

Mō te pikinga o te mākete kawe ipu o te ao, i tangihia anō hoki e Jia Dashan, te tumuaki tuarua o te Water Transport Research Institute o te Manatū Waka, kua maha ngā tau e mahi ana i ngā rangahau ahumahi, "he mea kāore anō kia kitea i mua".

I kī a Jia Dashan, mai i te tirohanga o te tono, kua ora tonu te ōhanga o te ao mai i te tīmatanga o tēnei tau, ā, kua tere te tipu o te hokohoko o te ao. Ki te whakatauritea ki te wā kotahi i te tau 2019, kua piki ake te tono mō te kawe ipu mā te 6%. He pai ake te āhua i Haina. Mai i te Pipiri 2020, kua eke te ahumahi hanga me ngā kaweake hokohoko ki tāwāhi ki te tipu tonu.

Mai i te tirohanga o te tuku, kua tino heke te whai huatanga o ngā kaipuke kua pāngia e te mate urutā. Kua whakapiki ake ngā whenua i te aukati me te whakahaere i ngā mate urutā kawemai i ngā tauranga, kua roa ake te wā taunga o ngā kaipuke ki ngā tauranga, ā, kua whakaitihia te whai huatanga o te huringa o te mekameka tuku ipu. Ko te wā toharite o ngā kaipuke e tū ana ki te tauranga kua piki ake mā te 2 rā pea, ā, ko ngā kaipuke i ngā tauranga o Amerika Te Raki i noho ki te tauranga mō te neke atu i te 8 rā. Nā te hekenga o te huringa kua pakaru te toenga taketake. Ki te whakatauritea ki te āhuatanga i paku nui ake ai te toenga taketake o te tuku me te tono i te tau 2019, he iti noa iho te korenga otukuo te 10% pea.

Nā te korenga tonu o ngā kaimahi kaipuke kua piki ake te korenga. Nā te āhuatanga uaua o te mate urutā i roto i ngā whenua nui o te hunga haere moana pērā i a Philippines me Īnia, me te nekenga o ngā kaimahi kaipuke me te noho motuhake, kua piki ake te utu o ngā kaimahi kaipuke i te mākete moana.

Nā te awangawanga o ngā āhuatanga kua whakahuatia ake nei, kua huri tere te whanaungatanga noa i waenga i te tuku me te tono o te mākete, ā, kei te piki haere tonu ngā utu utanga o ngā kaipuke ipu.

E whakaatu ana ngā tatauranga mai i te Kaunihera Tauhokohoko me te Whakawhanaketanga o te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua o te Ao, ngā Tikanga me ngā tauranga o Haina, mai i mua i te pakarutanga mai o te mate urutā tae noa ki Hūrae o tēnei tau, neke atu i te 80% o te rahinga hokohoko o te ao i oti i te moana, ko te ōwehenga ia o ngā kawemai me ngā kaweake hokohoko o tāwāhi a Haina i te moana i ahu mai i te mate urutā. Ko te 94.3% o mua i piki ake ki te 94.8% o nāianei.

"E ai ki ngā rangahau e tika ana, i roto i te hokohoko taonga kawemai me te kaweake o Haina, ko te ōwehenga o ngā taonga kei raro i te mana whakahaere o ngā umanga ā-rohe ko te 30%. Ka pāngia tika tēnei wāhanga o ngā umanga e ngā pikinga utu, ko te nuinga o ngā umanga kē atu kāore i te pāngia e ngā pikinga utu utanga." te tātari a Jia Dashan. Arā, ko te pikinga utu i puta mai i te pikinga o ngā utu utanga ka tukuna tika ki ngā kaihoko o tāwāhi, ā, he iti noa te pānga tika ki ngā umanga Haina.

Heoi, i te mea he utu nui mō ngā taonga, ka pā nui te pikinga o ngā utu utanga ki ngā umanga Haina, e kitea ana i roto i te hekenga o ngā ratonga kawe waka. Nā te hekenga o te tere o te rārangi rererangi me te kikī o te wāhi, kāore i te maeneene te rere o ngā umanga tukatuka kaweake o Haina. Ahakoa ka angitu te whakaputa i ngā ota, ka pāngia te tuku e te ngoikore o te kawe waka, ka pā ki te whakatinanatanga ota me ngā whakaritenga whakaputa a te kamupene.

"Ka nui ake te pānga ki ngā pakihi iti me ngā pakihi waenga." E whakapono ana a Jia Dashan nā te kore o ngā taurangi kirimana roa, ko te nuinga o ngā pakihi iti me ngā pakihi waenga e rapu ana i ngā ratonga kawe waka i te mākete tūnga. I raro i te mana whiriwhiri me ngā taurangi kaha, ka pāngia rātou e te pikinga o ngā utu utanga o nāianei. Ko te raruraru o "he uaua ki te kimi i tētahi pouaka, he uaua ki te kimi i tētahi kāpene". Hei tāpiri, ka tāpirihia hoki e ngā tari whakahaere kawe waka o te tauranga whenua me te uta ētahi atu utu whakaheke utanga me te rokiroki nā te pikinga o ngā utu utanga me te hekenga o te wā rere.

He uaua te whakaora i te whakanui ake i te kaha

E ai ki ngā raraunga mai i ngā umanga rangahau mākete moana, kua heke te kaha o ngā kaipuke ipu ki raro iho i te 1%. Haunga ngā kaipuke me whakatika, kua tukuna katoatia te kaha ki te mākete. He maha ngā kaipupuri kaipuke kua tīmata ki te whakanui ake i te rahinga o ngā tono kaha, engari kāore e taea e te tawhiti te whakamātau i te hiahia tata. Kei te pūrongo tonu ngā kaituku kaipuke he iti tonu te kaha, ā, he uaua ki te kimi i tētahi kāpene.

I kī a Zhu Pengzhou, he mema nō te Shanghai Shipping Exchange, e kiia ana te mekameka tuku he mekameka nā te mea ko te rohe o runga o te kaha o te mekameka katoa ka pāngia e te pānga poto-papa. Hei tauira, ko te whakaiti i te pai o te taunga kaipuke, te korenga o ngā taraiwa taraka, me te kore e ranea te tere o te tango me te whakahoki i ngā ipu i roto i ngā wheketere ka waiho katoa hei here. Ko te whakanui noa i te kaha o ngā kaipuke e ngā kamupene kaipuke, kāore e taea te whakapai ake i te kaha whānui o te mekameka kawe.

E tino whakaae ana a Jia Dashan. Mō te tono, ki te whakaritea ki te wā kotahi o te tau 2019, kua piki ake te tono mō te kawe ipu mā te 6%. Mō te kaha, kua piki ake te kaha mā te 7.5% i taua wā anō. Ka kitea ko te koretake o te tuku me te tono ehara i te mea nā te korenga o te kaha. Ko te pikinga kore taurite o te tono utanga i puta mai i te mate urutā, te korenga o te kohikohi me te tohatoha, te noho puku o te tauranga, me te hekenga o te pai o te whakahaere kaipuke ngā take matua.

Nā tēnei, kei te tino tupato tonu ngā kaipupuri kaipuke o nāianei ki te haumi ki te hanga kaipuke. I te marama o Ākuhata 2021, ka piki ake te ōwehenga o te kaha o ngā ota i roto i te kahui kaipuke o nāianei ki te 21.3%, he iti iho i te taumata o te 60% i te tihi kaipuke whakamutunga i te tau 2007. Ahakoa ka whakamahia ēnei kaipuke i mua i te tau 2024, me te tere tipu ā-tau toharite o te 3% me te tere wetewete ā-tau toharite o te 3%, ka noho tonu te whanaungatanga i waenga i te kaha me te rahinga, ā, ka mau tonu te mākete i te taumata teitei o ngā utu utanga.

Āhea te "uaua ki te kimi kāpata" ka whakamama ake ai

Ehara i te mea he kino noa iho te pikinga o te utu utanga mō ngā kamupene hokohoko, engari ka puta hoki he mōrearea nui me ngā āwangawanga ki ngā kamupene kaipuke mō te wā roa.

Kua mārama te kamupene kaipuke nui o te ao, a CMA CGM, mai i te marama o Hepetema o tēnei tau ki Pēpuere 2022, ka mutu te pikinga o ngā utu utanga i te mākete tūnga. I kī anō a Hapag-Lloyd kua tangohia e ia ngā mahi hei aukati i te pikinga o ngā utu utanga.

"E matapaetia ana ka tae ki te mutunga o te tau 2021 te pikinga o te utu utanga teitei i te mākete, ā, ka piki haere te utu utanga ki te wāhi karanga-whakahoki. Ko te tikanga, kāore e taea te whakakore i te pānga o te koretake o ngā āhuatanga ohorere." Ko Zhang Yongfeng, te kaitohutohu matua o te Shanghai International Shipping Research Center me te kaiwhakahaere o te Institute of International Shipping Express.

"Ahakoa ka whakahokia katoatia te whanaungatanga tuku me te tono ki te taumata o te tau 2019, nā te pikinga o te utu o ngā āhuatanga maha, he uaua ki te utu utanga te hoki ki te taumata o te tau 2016 ki te 2019," te kī a Jia Dashan.

I runga i te teitei o ngā utu utanga o nāianei, he tokomaha ake ngā kaipupuri utanga e hiahia ana ki te haina i ngā whakaaetanga wā roa hei pupuri i ngā utu utanga, ā, kei te piki haere te ōwehenga o ngā whakaaetanga wā roa i te mākete.

Kei te kaha hoki te mahi a ngā tari kāwanatanga. E mārama ana kua whakatinanahia e te Manatū Waka, e te Manatū Tauhokohoko me ētahi atu tari e tika ana ngā kaupapa here whakatairanga kaha i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha pēnei i te whakawhānui i te hanga ipu, te ārahi i ngā kamupene raina ki te whakawhānui i te kaha, me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te ratonga kawe waka kia mau tonu ai te mekameka tuku o te mekameka ahumahi o te ao.